韩晓萍 88096万字 52847人读过 连载
理由:过个有意义的50岁 动身去尼泊尔EBC徒步是在出发前40天,儿子电话邀我去尼泊尔ABC徒步,还说不请背夫。上网搜了游记攻略,觉得有些难度。虽然到过玉龙雪山、爬过华山;儿子到过黄龙、爬过黄山。。。。。。为了50岁过的有意义,同意前行。办护照、找旅行社代办证、下班徒步或慢跑1小时,购置简单的装备,确定行程,订机票。出发前一星期儿子又改了,告知要去EBC徒步,说是行走在海拔4000米以上,每天与雪山为伴是多么美的事。行程:2012年10月4日成都飞加德满都D1(10月6日):加德满都——Lukla(卢克拉,2840米)——Phakding(帕克丁,2610米)。到达后,站在夜幕下淋着小雨看星星。D2(10月7日):Phakding(帕克丁,2610米)——Monjo(2840米)——Namche Bazar(南池巴扎,3440米)。D3(10月8日):Namche(南池,3440米)------Tengpoche(邓波切,3860米)。D4(10月9日):Tengboche(邓波切,3860米)----Dingboche(丁波切,4410米) ,到达后,下雪啦。D5(10月10日):Dingboche(丁波切,4410)——Chhukhung(去贡,4730米) ——Chhukhung-Ri(5550米)——Chhukhung(去贡,4730米)。D6(10月11日):Chhukhung(去贡,4730米)——Dingboche(丁波切,4410米) ——Lobuche(罗布切,4910米)。D7(10月12日):Lobuche(罗布切,4910米) ——Gorak Shep(米格拉舍普,5140米)——Kala Patthar(卡拉帕塔,5545米)——Gorap Shep(米格拉舍普,5140米)。D8(10月13日):Gorap Shep(格拉舍普,5140米)——EBC(珠峰大本营,5364米)——Gorak Shep(米格拉舍普,5140米) ——Lobuche(罗布切,4910米)。D9(10月14日):Lobuche(罗布切,4910米)——Namche (南池,3440米)。到达后,洗澡。D10(10月15日): Namche(南池,3440米)——Phakding(帕克丁,2610米) —— Lukla(卢克拉,2840米)。D11(10月16日):Lukla(卢克拉,2840米)——加德满都。2012年10月18日加德满都飞成都。 费用:加德满都往返Lukla机票美金260/人机场税 Rs200/人进山许可证(TIMS) /人,付了Rs 1800 /人珠峰公园门票 3000 Rs /人各徒步点住宿Rs 200-500 /双人间各徒步点餐饮Rs 300-500 /份各徒步点开水Rs 300-700 /瓶各徒步点饮料Rs 50-130 /杯EBC徒步费用明细表单位:卢比日期10月6日10月7日10月8日10月9日10月10日10月11日10月12日10月13日10月14日10月15日10月16日合计水3606009009001150115013401100600600 8700早餐90500360740740480640840720340 5450中餐 720650760720900780 210 4740晚餐15607208007709201010700800600720 8600饮料180 160310180180 260300200 1770住宿300200300300500500500500200200 3500打的400 350750洗澡200600 600500 1900充电 200 220 420建设费400 400800进山证 3600 3600门票 6000 6000合计3490131403170378042104220418035003020277075046230备注:2个人的费用,10月6日和13日的中餐是浙江义乌驴友霸道请客的药品: 1、抗高原反映药:红景天、芬必得(去头痛)。(必不可少)2、感冒药:感冒冲剂、康泰克。(必不可少)3、肠胃药:整肠丸。(必不可少,多带点)4、消炎药:头孢。(适量)5、清火药:牛黄解毒片、咽炎片。(用得较多)6、跌打药:创可贴,活络油。(只带活络油就行了)7、急救药:速效救心丸。(没用上)8、其他:药棉、紗布、绷带。(很少用)装备:60L登山包及防雨罩、25L登山包及防雨罩、腰包、2个睡袋、登山杖、冲锋衣抓绒衣各一件、速干内衣2件、短袖T恤两件、冲锋裤一条、抓绒裤一条、保暖衣一套、速干裤一条、休闲裤一条、登山鞋拖鞋各一双、内衣裤、袜(4双)、护膝、手套、遮阳帽、绒线帽、头巾、墨镜、手电、头灯、瑞士军dao、、保温杯、水杯、雨披、塑料袋、晾衣绳洗簌用品:牙刷,牙膏,毛巾,浴液、洗发水、防晒霜,晒后修复霜、润唇膏、面霜、餐巾纸、湿巾纸、卫生纸等食品:巧克力、牛肉干、西洋参、奶糖、榨菜、紫菜汤包、饼干、火腿肠。准备好行装,第一次走出国门,开始我俩的EBC徒步之旅了10月4日:成都飞加德满都10月3日南昌飞成都与儿子毛毛的猫汇合,儿子跟导师请假说是陪老妈去徒步。10月4日国航成都至加德满都CA407,815起飞,我们坐在飞机右侧,1015抵达拉萨贡嘎机场,在贡嘎机场边检过海关。北京时间1120拉萨贡嘎机场起飞,北京时间1210左右透过飞机的眩窗,眺望到世界第一高峰—珠穆朗玛峰以及其他几座喜马拉雅山的冰雪巨人。飞机上看拉萨飞机上看喜马拉雅山加德满都当地时间1030抵达加德满都机场,顺利过关,提取行李,并在飞机场与偶遇的上海驴友一起打车到加德满都的凤凰宾馆住下。我们入住凤凰宾馆最贵的间Rs1500上海驴友已订好10月6日飞卢卡拉的机票,我们赶紧上街找旅行社订加德满都到卢克拉的机票。由于9.28空难和天气原因,小飞机已停运一星期,10月6日开始运营,一票难求。选了一家旅行社预定好10月6日加德满都往返卢卡拉机票2张,谈妥价格520美金,预付定金200美金。全是儿子与她们交谈,我是不懂英语的。办完正事已是下午2点,在外国人餐厅吃了馍馍和椰子饭。下午5点开始在尼泊尔的首都逛街走进水果店,点了2杯榨水果汁Rs80一杯,逛街逛到小菜市场买了个椰子,比海南的个小,付35Rs神庙到处可见的叶子晚上6点,夜幕降临,置身于铜的世界穿街走巷,又见寺庙晚上6点,走进卖传统帽子的小店,儿子与尼泊尔人交流,店主很热情的邀我俩跟她上楼,走在昏暗的楼道上,吓的我叫儿子不要跟上去。儿子不理会,我只好跟着走,原来是个更大的店面,她的老爸在那。儿子当了回店小二。儿子头戴尼泊尔传统帽子,身穿耀眼的黄衣服,手拿ipad走在大街上,时不时拍些风景、人物,引来许多尼泊尔人特别是年轻人围观,就跟当初我们看外国人一样,我怎么没拿照相机拍下来,笨幽静的小巷晚上6点30分,好像走到主街上,一下热闹了,街道右边人们虔诚的祈祷,左边舞台上唱着激情洋溢的歌晚上7点逛到杜巴广场,晚上是不收门票的这里正在开会,主席台前有人在演讲,右边站着好多持枪的士兵,还停着一辆大卡车,台下一半人都没有;左边一头大黄牛,过往的尼泊尔人都用手摸它,再摸额头加德满都的夜晚,人多、摩托车多做三轮车到宾馆花了20分钟,付200Rs,晚上8点半在凤凰宾馆吃的晚餐,铁板牛肉值得推荐10月5日:加德满都偶遇的上海3位驴友和我们一样,要下午4点去预订机票的旅行社看是否有机票。在凤凰宾馆吃过免费早餐,我们5人早上徒步半小时左右到了猴庙。这里有长眼睛的佛塔,有太多的猴子,还可以俯瞰加都全景。([]
最新章节: 第521章 陈情令 ( 2024-07-08 22:54:43)
更新时间: 2024-07-09 04:10:27
Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享,俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦,俺先来个免责声明:1。杨同学不认识俺,也没有授权俺,如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止;2。俺没有商业目的,译版版权归杨同学,俺啥也不要,也不承担法律责任;3。没有杨同学授权,不敢擅自发在国外网站,发在原帖处,荣誉归8264;4。俺英语水平有限,欢迎指正,欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分,不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦,希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子,原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co, where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30), 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
所属地区: 青海 门源 适合人群: 自驾族 出游难度: 轻松 适合天数: 1天 花费预算: 300元以下 人数5人 适合时间: 7月中旬 8月初 攻略: 青海 海北州 门源 油菜花 浩门镇 青石嘴 互助 仙米 十二盘 █ 导语: 站在达坂山的高处向两边看,从青石嘴一直到看不见的门源县城浩门镇,百里花海成就了波澜壮阔花的奇观。这里的山山水水都披上了多彩的外衣,金黄的油菜花地有时又抹上一片翠绿,色彩非常丰富饱满,大色块的简单构图让人遐想联翩,思绪飞扬。七月的金色门源,真正是一种大美无声 █ 正文: 提起中国观赏油菜花最美的地方,估计喜欢旅游的人都能说出几个,如江西婺源、云南罗平、青海湖等等。在我看来,这几个地方的油菜花都有其不同的特点,如江西婺源的油菜花,由于是种植在丘陵地带或村前屋后的,一般种植面积不大,而且零星分布,散落于村落房舍之间,其搭配小桥流水、白墙黛瓦所形成的景观,是一种小家碧玉的美,是一种温情柔弱的美;云南罗平的油菜花是滇东高原的一个胜景,金鸡峰一带漫山遍野的油菜花,因为当地独特的喀斯特地貌,秀峰、村舍、道路、溪流均融入花海之中,场面相当壮观绮丽;青海湖的油菜花绽放的背景是中国最大的内陆湖泊——青海湖,从而使那里的油菜花多了几分“底气”,油菜花种植在湖边路旁,几十公里绵延不绝,像黄色的花毯,似金色的绸缎,在湛蓝的湖水和飞舞的白云映衬下,让人感到炫目的美。金色与青色交织出的极富张力的画面 那么,门源的油菜花又有什么特点呢?简单地说,是一种震撼人心的美! 地处青海北部的门源回族自治县,是北方小油菜的发源地,种植小油菜已经有1800年的历史了,是全国乃至全世界最大的小油菜种植区,种植面积达60万亩。每年7月,整个浩门川是一片的金黄,浓艳的黄花,北依祁连山,南靠达坂山,西起永安城,东到玉隆滩,绵延近百公里,就像一片无边无际的金色大海。 我们往青石嘴的方向走,爬过七旋八拐的盘山公路,穿过海拔3798米的达坂山(也叫大寒山)隧道,出得隧道哪一霎那,陡然间天际宽了,向下看一阵的美景夹杂着扑面而来的突然,绝对是让人眩晕。在观花台找在一处油菜花开比较漂亮的地方,走进花海,只觉得花香沁人心脾,让人陶醉。在微风的吹拂下,大片的油菜花像波浪一般上下起伏,沙沙作响的声音像在轻轻诉说,宛如欢快歌唱,使人烦乱的思绪即时安静下来,记得曾经听人家说过:常在花间走,活到九十九,这次是深有体会了。不过,这仅仅是门源油菜花美的开始,接下来所看到的油菜花宏大场面,着实让我们大开眼界。 在北方,提起油菜花,稍有点儿旅游经验的人都会想起青海省海北藏族自治州门源县,这里是北方小油菜生产基地,经过近年持续不断的努力,过去以种植油菜而大副提高了农民收入的青海省门源回族自治县,如今又把一片片油菜花变成了一旅游名牌,成为青海旅游的一大亮点。从每年的七月初开始,这里就进入了油菜花盛开的季节,开花时间是7月5日至25日,最佳花期是7月10日至20日。 处青海北部的门源县是北方小油菜发源地,是全国乃至全世界最大的小油菜种植区,种植面积达50万亩。但过去这里的油菜仅作为农作物,外界称其“门源油,天下流”。七月中旬,门源的油菜花竞相怒放,花景与当地的蓝天白云、高山流水、林海草原和独有的民居、蜂农等交相辉映,变幻出一道道独具特色的迷人风光,令无数游客迷醉其间。而门源也借此连续举办了十届油菜花文化旅游节,该节现已成为省内外颇有影响力的节日。2013年门源油菜花节的举办时间为7月18日-25日。 天空不作美,但是照顾我的人品,初到的时候天气不太好。 还是我的人品好,感动了上天,露出了蓝天白云 这是花海深处的蜂场,很壮观的,我是在车上照的。千万要注意安全哦! 这个就不用多说了吧!哈哈! 观花就要拍照,油菜花最大的特点是它的颜色,金黄一片,非常纯粹。选择在油菜花海里拍照有一个先天优势,无论穿什么颜色的衣服,都可于艳丽的油菜花搭配,穿着白色的衣服在金黄色的背景下会十分醒目,姑娘的肤色会显得格外的好看。拍摄油菜花照的最佳时间是细雨初停时,油菜花上挂着水珠,色彩最为鲜艳明润。拍照不仅要拍景物,更重要的是拍花海中的人。推荐两个地方,一个是青石嘴镇的元山观花台和县水泥厂对面的南山上,这里能全观浩门川的油菜花和常年积雪不化的冷龙岭及岗石卡雪峰,拍出来的照片将有春夏秋冬四季景色,背景层次极好;二是东部仙米林区,这里的不仅有漂亮的油菜花,还有原始森林,仙米峡谷,各种色块交织,色彩特别丰富。三是油菜花都是一丛一丛的,很矮,在油菜花海里面拍照,比较适合坐下,或者躺下,假如穿着白色婚纱拍照,将白色婚纱铺散在花丛中,很能突出女性的妩媚气质。拍照时挑选几套有动感的衣服,更加搭配周围的环境。有条件的朋友也可带一辆自行车或从当地朋友处借一辆,在花海中可以骑上一段,也可以作为道具。赶上个好天气,遇上金色门源最美的一面 推荐油菜花欣赏地点 1.从西宁到门源经过的青石嘴观花台,距离门源20公里左右,有个30多米高的小山坡,是观看花海绝佳的观赏地。如果你是坐班车前往,建议在青石嘴下车驻足欣赏后再继续搭班车前往门源 2.门源县水泥厂的南山坡,能够全观门源浩门川的油菜花和常年积雪不化的冷龙岭雪峰。拍出来的照片有黄花雪峰景色,但需要爬山,约40分钟。 3.如果想融入花海之中,就出县城向北山的方向去,沿田间道路走,路的两侧就是无边的油菜花,是一个低视角观赏花海的地方,海中观海,花香袭鼻,远处还有雪山作衬托。花田小憩,是很不错的享受 █ 景点介绍 门源油菜花位于青海省海北藏族自治州的门源县,是青海省及西北地区的主要油料产区,由此,这里的油菜花也成为了一种美丽而蔚为壮观的人造景观。另外,这里油菜花的种植范围是,它西起浩门河畔的青石嘴,东到大通河畔的玉隆滩,北到与甘肃省交界的冷龙岭,南至高峻的大坂山,绵延数十公里。夏日时节,走进青海门源回族自治县,恰如走进一幅浑然天成的油画。 景区地址:青海省海北州门源回族自治县 景区门票:无,观景台门票:30元/人 █ 当地住宿: 门源县住宿资源有限,相对西宁来说住宿条件一般,想留宿门源的话,可以住在浩门宾馆,或是裕华宾馆,都位于门源十字路口拐角处,很容易找到,相对来说,卫生条件还不错,间在100元/天左右。另外车站附近还有一些小旅馆双人间15元/晚。 推荐住宿 浩门宾馆 地址:海北门源县浩门镇东大街12号 电话:0970-8618008 裕华宾馆 地址:青海省海北州门源县西大街104 电话:0970-8610288 因为整个行程可以把西宁作为大本营来安排,而且通常去门源一天来回足够回到西宁,能在西宁住宿还是最好不过的,毕竟城市规模大,设施齐全,各方面都更加方便。西宁大十字附近有很多连锁旅馆,并且当地青旅也很多,较为经济实惠。 推荐住宿 青海西宁赞巴拉国际青年旅舍 地址:青海省西宁市城西区七一西路湟岸巷10号 价格:普通高低床 40元/床 联系:0971-8450801 推荐理由:赞巴拉青年旅舍是一家以摄影为主,热爱摄影、旅行、生活的人士为主要客源的文化交流型旅社。店内更有知名风光摄影师赞巴拉驻守(POCO摄影网总版主),随时可以与其进行摄影交流。 西宁西庭客栈 地址:青海省西宁市城中区建材巷9号 价格:八人间 45元/床 联系:0971-8800915 18673601138 推荐理由:客栈经过我们倾心的打造,呈现的是藏式装修并融入现代彩绘墙的风格。我们客栈是青年驴友沟通与交流的平台;我们提供安全、卫生、经济的住所;我们用心筑造我们的理想,欢迎来自远方的朋友。 西宁青海行青年旅舍 地址:青海省西宁市城中区民主街4、56号(大十字西大街口) 价格:两人间 100元/间 联系:13639751730 / 31 /02 推荐理由:旅舍环境干净整洁,气氛温馨和谐,安全系统规范。出则繁华:中心广场、水井巷、莫家街均半径500m辐射圈内;便捷的公关交通,可快捷的抵达繁华商业中心和市区各景点。 青海恒裕国际青年旅舍 地址:青海省西宁市城东区为民巷13号(马步芳公馆) 价格:淡季 双人间 80元 联系:0971-5223399 推荐理由:客栈座落在国家AAAA级景区马步芳公馆景区中,占地面积近1600平方米,拥有近120张床位,最有特色的就是藏式多人间,藏式风格让您有不一样的体验。当地饮食: 门源餐饮是典型的西北风格,推荐到县城最豪华的浩云饭店,这家清真饭店的菜量很大,菜做得地道,味道好,卫生也不错,是街头小店不能相比的。 推荐餐饮 浩云饭店 地址:门源回族自治县西大街22号 电话:0970-8618008 门源当地特色小吃 到了门源,就一定尝尝要门源的风味小吃。门源的小吃名闻遐迩。凡来门源旅游过的人,无不怀念门源的风味小吃。一道普通的菜,一碗平常的青稞面饭,都会在门源人的手里变得格外生动和有味。 奶皮 奶皮是门源回族的特产,是牛奶制品中最可口的营养食品。它主要用犏牛奶制作。其方法是鲜牛奶入锅煮熟后,控制火候、用秸干草皮微火,烘煮、不搅动,使水分慢慢蒸发,奶汁浓缩在锅底凝结成圆形奶饼,用擀面杖轻轻挑起,折成半圆,放阴凉处阴干既成。奶皮纯黄夹白,油渍点点,蜂窝沙孔满布,切成菱形放入盘内即可食用。色彩清新迷人,入口奶油溢香,酥柔味美,不油不腻,不但可供日常食用,而且还是待客馈赠的上品。目前,麻莲乡奶皮加工坊,对农户制作的奶皮进行了真空防腐包装,便携宜存,是当地知名的品牌。 背口袋 背口袋是土族人民比较讲究的食品之一。每当节日、婚礼或家里来了客人用它来接待。其操作过程是用清油烙煎饼,荨麻叶和面,加上香油、葱花、调料等煮熟成糊状,然后摊在而饼上卷紧,折叠过来,盛在盘中让客人享用。这种哈力海,其味清香独特,当地汉语形象地称其为“背口袋”。 酩流子酒 “八仙的个桌子上哟——哟,我们吃一杯子尕酩流吧哟——哟,怎么样的吃来吧怎么样的喝呀,也不醉来吧呀哟——哟……”这是青海民间小调《尕老汉》中的一段唱词。土族民间有个传说,说很早以前土族的先祖布勒黑汗上天取青稞种子,下海捉水牛。在了阔肥沃的土地上第一次种下了种子。夏秋丰收,打下的青稞放满了板栅,生活是富裕了,但这种日子中又感到缺些什么,人们懒洋洋地躺在山坡上唱歌,总是鼓不起劲,提不起神。于是布勒黑汗便在威远堡打了一口井,将水浇在板栅里,这样过了一个月,板栅里滴下了一滴滴的明亮亮琼浆,香气溢满了千家万户,人们喝一口,嗓门清亮声传十里,喝两口像久旱的青苗逢甘露,热血沸腾,激清荡漾,后来,他们就学会酩流子酒的酿制。 节庆之前,门源地区的土族、汉族、藏族人家都要自酿酩流酒一些来待客。此酒色清而性平,酒度偏低,喝起来软而不烈,稍甜而不辣,主人就用碗倒了敬客,加上桌子上一大盘子的手抓羊肉,真可以体验“大碗喝酒,大块吃肉”的梁山好汉们的豪情。 酿皮 在门源的街道上到处可以看到买酿皮的小摊子,一张桌子几条凳子,小橱框里边的摊主手持菜刀,啪啪几下,将酿皮切成细条、抓到盘内,再抓些面筋,放上盐、醋、味精、芥茉、辣子等,就可以食用。酿皮的制作很费时间,先和好了面,和入蓬灰水(民间用蓬草烧制的弱碱)后揉得筋到,然后将面团放入清水盆中,慢慢捏拿,直至面尽,留下面筋,再将面汁舀入盘中,和面筋一起或蒸或馏,做成酿皮。弱碱量稍大者为褐黄色,不放弱碱或少放弱碱者为嫩黄色,褐色的肥厚,嫩黄的薄柔,各有其味。这种酸辣可口的快餐,尤受女子们的青睐。 酸奶 酸奶是民间非常传统的奶制冷饮,营养丰富,助消化。 在门源,酸奶分农区和牧区两种。牧区的酸奶用牦牛奶制作。这种酸奶表层结为含奶油的黄色硬脂奶皮,扒开奶皮,软嫩粘稠的酸奶象豆腐脑一样洁白如雪,芳香扑鼻,入口,酸甜凉爽宜人,没有人不喜欢这个美味的。农区制作的酸奶主要用犏牛和黄牛奶制作。一般用小碗盛装,并在上面漓几点菜油。这种酸奶表层金黄,鲜嫩洁白,加上一勺白砂糖,味道酸中带甜,五元一碗,价廉质优、食用方便。 █ 行程规划 门源油菜花种植范围广泛,沿着G227国道到青石嘴镇,再到岗青公路沿线往东,一路上随处可见浩瀚壮丽的油菜花田景色。自驾本来就是游览青海风光的最佳方式,去门源看油菜花,自驾或者包车无疑也是最佳的游览观光方式。好处在于能够自由控制行程,在喜欢的景点可以安排合理的拍摄时间来拍摄。早上从西宁市出发,白天沿公路沿线游览油菜花,以门源县中心浩门镇为终点,一天可以走一个来回,傍晚回到西宁市,而且青海8点半左右天才黑,一天的游览时间可以安排的很充裕。 除了门源的油菜花之外,七月的青海仍有太多可以驻足流连欣赏的风光:青海藏传佛教第一大寺的塔尔寺,青海的高原明珠——青海湖,秀丽奇绝的卓尔山,中国的天空之镜——茶卡盐湖等等。七八月是青海旅游的最佳季节,远远的赶来青海,最好能够安排一周以上的时间来计划出行。一般来说,青海湖游览需要二到四天,塔尔寺半天,门源一天,茶卡盐湖半天,一周的行程安排的满满,整个行程将被美丽的青海景色装饰的五彩缤纷。 仙米森林公园是青海省面积最大的林区,公园覆盖门源县东川、仙米、珠固三个镇,南北宽55公里,东西长95公里,土地总面积14.8万公顷,1996年该公园被批准为省级森林公园,2003年升级为国家森林公园。由于受祁连山脉影响,仙米森林公园园区地表水和地下水资源都十分丰富,是南部多条黄河水系和北部多条内陆水系河流的发源地。仙米森林公园内古松苍柏,风光迷人。春夏之际,林木疏扶,繁华似锦;秋季,硕果摇金,层林尽染;及至冬季山头白雪皑皑,山坡松柏苍翠挺拔,堪称一块人间圣地。有雪龙红山、二郎神藏剑洞、三道峡及东海五色神湖等传说和藏族“华热”民俗风情以及仙米、珠固古寺。 景区地址:海北藏族自治州门源县东部,距西宁108公里本文重点照片为门源油菜花。这张只是去年秋天照的,此文是游记攻略。当天我们没有只是一路观景在仙米没有照照片。还请见谅 去门源看油菜花,一般是先乘飞机或火车抵达西宁,再包车、自驾或坐班车前往门源。西宁为青海省省会,青藏高原上最大的都市,交通便捷,拥有飞机、火车、汽车等多种交通方式。 到达西宁 飞机 西宁曹家堡机场位于西宁市中心以东,国内航线中飞往北京、西安的飞机每天都有航班;其余飞往上海、成都、重庆、格尔木、广州、昆明、深圳、乌鲁木齐的航班不是每天都有,出发前需要咨询一下。 民航班车票价21元,终点站是市区的民航售票处,地址:城东八一西路34号。从曹家堡机场到民航售票处车程约30分钟,班次根据到达航班安排。从机场到市区坐出租车的价格在80元左右,所以人多的话不妨考虑出租车。 火车 西宁是兰青、青藏铁路交汇处,铁路交通四通八达,有直达拉萨、格尔木、北京、上海、西安和青岛等地的列车。省内有支线通往大通、柴达木、茶卡等地。西宁火车站位于西宁市的东部的祁连路上,靠近西宁长途汽车站。随着青藏铁路的贯通,西宁成为前往拉萨的一个重要的火车中转站,全国各地前往拉萨的火车大部分经停西宁,西宁至拉萨全程24小时左右,所有班次的发车时间都在下午4点以后发车。 西宁火车站现在一般指的是西宁西站,距离市区有20多公里,但出站后提供很多专线车,往返市内。 客车 有青藏、青新、青川等省内外交通干线,长途汽车通往省内外主要的市、县。西宁共有两个长途汽车站。各车站班次频密,车票并不紧张,只要提前一天购买便可。 西宁长途汽车站 是发往外省、外区最主要的车站。 电话:0971-7112094 地址:位于市区东部的建国路1号,在火车站以南约600米。 西宁新宁路汽车站 主要发往兰州和省内的塔尔寺、共和、乐都、湟源等地。 电话:0971-6155795 地址:位于市区中西部的新宁路和盐湖路交界处。 到达门源 门源距离西宁市100多公里,一般从西宁去往门源可以乘坐班车或者自驾包车前往。 公共交通 从西宁市长途客运站乘汽车到门源县浩门镇约5小时,票价36元,每小时都有班车。本人不推荐此方案:原因是景区地域太大,再加上时间上不方便啊! 自驾最好是私车哦! 如果没有的话也可以考虑下面的方案 从西宁市出发先走宁大高速S1到大通县,下高速进入G227国道,在达坂山收费站,青石嘴镇进入岗青公路一直东走便可以到达门源县中心浩门镇。整个行程约150公里,3个半小时行程。也可以选择找个靠谱师傅包车前往门源,一般一天游玩一个来回足够,整个包车费用在600元左右。 西宁市内租车推荐: 神州租车 地址:西宁市城东区花园北街3号省军区招待所院内北2楼 电话:4006166666 赢时通汽车租赁 地址:西宁市新宁路新宁花苑6号楼1043(新宁客运站旁) 当地风俗禁忌 藏族是全民信仰佛教的民族,入乡随俗,请务必尊重当地习俗。 1、青海湖是藏传佛教信徒心中的圣湖,不可以在圣湖里游泳,也不要触碰当地人祭海的物品。环湖最好按照当地习惯,顺时针环湖。 2、 献哈达是藏族待客规格最高的一种礼仪,表示对客人热烈的欢迎和诚挚的敬意。哈达以白色为主,亦有浅蓝色或淡黄色的,一般长约1.5米至2米。最好的是蓝、黄、白、绿、红五彩哈达,用于最高最隆重的仪式如佛事等; 3、喝酥油茶时,主人倒茶,客人要待主人双手捧到面前时,才能接过来喝;续杯时,客人须用双手把茶碗向前倾出,以表敬意; 4、藏族人一般不吃鱼虾、鸡肉和鸡蛋,不要勉强劝食,不过现在很多藏族人也开始吃了; 5、忌讳别人用手触摸头顶; 6、接待客人时,无论是行走还是言谈,总是让客人或长者为先,并使用敬语,如在名字后面加个:"啦"字,以示尊敬和亲切,忌讳直呼其名。迎送客人,要躬腰曲膝,面带笑容。室内就坐,要盘腿端坐,不能双腿伸直,脚底朝人,不能东张西望。接受礼品,要双手去接。赠送礼品,要躬腰双手高举过头。敬茶,酒,烟时,要双手奉上,手指不能放进碗口。 关于高原反应 门源平均海拔2866米。部分人会在海拔3000米以上的地方产生高原反应症状,例如头晕、头疼、全身无力、失眠等,轻微的高反症状一般会在1-2天内随着身体对海拔的适应而消失。 关于高反的一些建议: 1. 行前禁止烟酒,避免劳累,可适当提前几天服用红景天等预防药品。感冒期间不宜去高原地区,容易引发肺水肿。 2. 无需体能锻炼,多吃蔬菜水果多喝水,保证睡眠,心态放松即可。 3. 轻微的高原反应会随着身体对海拔的适应而逐渐自愈,所以不要轻易吸氧,以免造成对氧气瓶的依赖,可服用高原安或西洋参等药品缓解。 4.经过海拔较高路段时,避免跑步、疾走和蹦跳。 蜜蜂蛰后紧急处理措施 门源油菜花资源太过丰富,无奈蜜蜂众多,穿梭油菜花田中难免会有狭路相逢的时候,结合大家以往的处理经验,给大家提供几个应急的处理措施,所谓有备而无患。 蜂毒主要含有蚁酸,神经毒和组胺。人被蛰伤后,主要是局部剧痛、灼热、红肿或水疱形成。被群蜂或毒力较大的黄蜂蛰伤后,症状较重,可出现头晕、头痛、恶寒、发热、烦躁、痉挛及晕厥等。少数可出现喉头水肿、气喘、呕吐、腹痛、心率增快、血压下降、休克和昏迷。被蜂蛰伤后,可采取以下方法急救: 1.立即在被蛰局部寻找到蜂针并拔除,然后再拔火罐吸出毒汁,减少毒素的吸收。 2.局部用3%氨水、5%碳酸氢钠溶液或肥皂水洗净。对黄蜂蛰伤则不用上药而局部涂涂以醋酸或食醋。 3.可在伤口周围涂南通蛇药或在下列草药中任选一种捣烂外敷,如紫花地丁、半边莲、七叶一枝花、蒲公英等。 有神志障碍、呼吸困难或血尿的重症病人,应尽快送医院治疗。([]
洛阳,一座有着5000多年文明史、4000年的建城史和1500多年的建都史的古城,是华夏文明的发源地和中华民族的发祥地之一。而洛阳又因牡丹闻名于世,被世人誉为“千年帝都,牡丹花城”。在牡丹花盛开的日子里,我独行洛阳,去造访这座千年都城并欣赏我国著名的国花。4月10日晚,乘坐K419次列车,经过6个半小时的车程,与次日清晨558,我到达了洛阳。按照事先做好的功课,车到洛阳站后,出站后直接去公交站台乘坐801公交,上车直达龙门石窟。 龙门石窟位于洛阳市南郊龙门峡谷东西两崖的峭壁间。因为这里东、西两山对峙,伊水从中流过,看上去宛若门厥,所以又被称为“伊厥”,唐代以后,多称其为“龙门”。 这里地处交通要冲,山清水秀,气候宜人,是文人墨客的观游胜地。又因为龙门石窟所在的岩体石质优良,宜于雕刻,所以古人选择此处开凿石窟。 龙门石窟是中国石刻艺术宝库之一,国家AAAAA级景区。2000年被联合国科教文组织列为世界文化遗产。 两山之间的伊水让洛阳这座古城尽显了灵秀之气。 龙门石窟位是中国石刻艺术宝库之一,世界文化遗产、是中国四大石窟之一。龙门石窟与甘肃敦煌莫高窟、山西大同云冈石窟并称为“中国三大石刻艺术宝库”。 石窟始凿于北魏孝文帝时(公元471~477年),历经400余年才建成,迄今已有1500年的历史,龙门石窟南北长约1公里,现存石窟1300多个,窟龛2345个,记和碑刻3600余品,佛塔50余座,佛像97000余尊。 最大的佛像高达17.14米,最小的仅有2厘米。其中以宾阳中洞、奉先寺和古阳洞最具有代表性。 宾阳中洞是北魏时期(公元386~512年)的代表性作品。这个洞窟前后用了24年才建成,是开凿时间最长的一个洞窟。洞内有11尊大佛像。主像释迦牟尼像,面部清秀,神情自然,堪称北魏中期石雕艺术的杰作。主像座前刻有两只姿态雄健的石狮。左右侍立二弟子,二菩萨,菩萨像含笑凝眸,温柔敦厚。洞中还雕刻着众菩萨,弟子听法的浮雕像,栩栩如生。窟顶飞天仙子的刻画也十分传神。 宾阳中洞是北魏时期代表性的洞窟。“宾阳”意为迎接出生的太阳。宾阳三洞开凿于北魏时期,是北魏的宣武帝为他父亲孝文帝做功德而建。它开工于公元500年,历时24年,用工达80万2366个,后因为发生宫廷政变以及主持人刘腾病故等原因,计划中的三所洞窟(宾阳中洞、南洞、北洞)仅完成了一所即宾阳中洞,南洞和北洞都是到初唐才完成了主要造像。宾阳中洞内为马蹄形平面,穹窿顶,中央雕刻重瓣大莲花构成的莲花宝盖,莲花周围是八个伎乐天和两个供养天人。它们衣带飘扬,迎风翱翔在莲花宝盖周围,姿态优美动人。洞内为三世佛材,即过去、现在、未来三世佛。主佛为释迦牟尼。他是佛教的创始人,原名叫乔达摩·悉达多,原是古印度净饭王的儿子。他和中国的孔子生活在同一时代,比孔子要年长12岁。他在29岁时出家修行,经过六年,悟道成佛,创立了佛教。由于北魏时期崇尚以瘦为美,所以主佛释迦牟尼面颊清瘦,脖颈细长,体态修长。衣纹密集,雕刻手法采用的是北魏的平直刀法。由于北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳后实行了一系列的汉化政策,所以洞中主佛的服饰一改云冈石窟佛像那种偏袒右肩式袈裟,而身着宽袍大袖袈裟。释迦牟尼所有侍立二弟子、二菩萨。二菩萨含睇若笑,文雅敦厚。左右壁还各有造像一铺,都是一佛、二菩萨,着褒衣博带袈裟,立于覆莲座上。洞中前壁南北两侧,自上而下有四层精美的浮雕。第一层是以《维摩诘经》故事为材的浮雕,叫做“维摩变”。第二层是两则佛本生故事。第三层为著名的帝后礼佛图。第四层为“十神王”浮雕像。特别是位于第三层的帝后礼佛图,它们反映了宫廷的佛事活动,刻划出了佛教徒虔诚、严肃、宁静的心境,造型准确,制作精美,代表了当时生活风俗画的高度发展水平,具有重要的艺术价值和历史价值。非常可惜的是,在上个世纪的三、四十年代被盗往国外了,现在分别陈列在美国纽约大都会博物馆和美国堪萨斯州纳尔逊艺术博物馆。 “剪刀手”卖萌佛祖在宾阳中洞石窟,有一尊历经千年风霜的佛像,手势神似“剪刀手”。剪刀手佛像是在向游人卖萌,在提醒大家保护文物,还是想说点什么?有网友评论:四百年前的艺术大师们好有远见,知道在四百年后剪刀手肯定会风靡全球。 《伊阙佛龛之碑》亦称"褚遂良碑"。篆额《伊阙佛龛之碑》。贞观十五年(公元641年)刻于河南省洛阳龙门石窟壁宾阳洞内。 这里因伊水东西两岸之香山和龙门山对峙如天然门阙,故古称“伊阙”,隋唐以后,习称龙门。《伊阙佛龛之碑》通高约5.00米、宽1.90米。由中书侍郎岑文本撰文,谏议大夫褚遂良书。字共三十二行,满行五十一字。计一千六百余字。碑文主要记述唐太宗第四子魏王李泰为其母文德皇后长孙氏死后做功德而开凿,太宗末年李泰与太子李承乾争夺太子位,李泰借为母亲开窟造像做功德,实有获得太宗好感,为自已捞取政治资本的目的。这通碑原应为北魏所雕的宾阳中洞的造窟碑,到了唐代李泰为节省费用,竟就势磨去原有碑文,又重新雕刻成唐碑的。 关于该碑的记载,始见于宋嘉祐六年(公元1061年)欧阳修之《集古录》及赵明诚之《金石录》。《伊阙佛龛之碑》是早期传世褚书的代表作。为目前国内所见褚遂良楷书之最大者,字体清秀端庄,宽博古质,是准的初唐楷书。此碑虽说是碑,实际上却是摩崖刻石。两者功用相同,都是为歌功颂的。但在创作时条件不同,一个是光平如镜,而另一个则是凹凸不平,书写的环境也不会那么优游自在。于是,摩崖书法的特征也就不言而喻。因无法近观与精雕细琢,于是便在气势上极力铺张,字形比碑志大得多,舒卷自如,开张跌宕。正是在这一点上,像汉代的《石门颂》、《郙阁颂》、《西峡颂》,它们气度之开张,韵致之飞扬,自然拙朴,即使是如《礼器碑》、《乙瑛碑》、《史晨碑》等真正的碑志精品也无法比拟,褚遂良的《伊阙佛龛碑》,正是这样一种典型的摩崖书风。传世墨拓以明代何良俊清森阁旧藏明初拓本为最佳,拓工精致、字口如新;比《金石萃编》所载犹多五十余字,曾经清代毕泷、沈志达、费念慈等递藏,现藏北京图书馆。有影印本行世。 魏窟――公元495年魏宗室丘慧成开始在龙门山开凿古阳洞,500--523年魏宣武帝、魏孝明帝连续开凿宾阳洞的北中南三个大石窟,石阳洞和宾阳洞的修建共费人工80万以上,还开凿了药方洞和东魏时开凿的莲花洞等石窟。北朝石窟都在龙门山,古阳洞自慧成至东魏末50多年的营造,表现出列多的中国艺术形式,大佛姿态也由云岗石窟的雄健可畏转变为龙门石窟的温和可亲。以宾阳中洞主佛为代表的佛像,人物面部含着微笑,龙门石窟比云岗石窟表现出更多的中国艺术佛像。龙门石窟还保留有大量的宗教、美术、书法、音乐、服饰、医药、建筑和中外交通等方面的实物史料。因此,它又是一座大型的石刻艺术博物馆。 只可惜龙门石窟遭受的破坏要比云冈石窟大得多,绝大多数佛像都不存在或者是残缺不全的了。 ([]
今年2.29—3.25,完成了向往已久的尼泊尔EBC徒步和景区旅游,我们的路线是:成都—加都—卢卡拉—EBC(三人原路返回,一人穿越CHO LA PAAS从GOKYO返回)—卢卡拉—加都—博卡拉—蓝毗尼—奇特旺—加都—成都。产生徒步尼泊尔EBC的愿望,最早是因为两年前在我参加活动的杭州起点登山队的论坛上看到“小妖精FAY”的一个帖子《天堂的约会-尼泊尔14日无背夫无向导徒步》(本论坛也有此帖),当时立马“中毒”, 心想“杭州小妖精”去得,难道“杭州老妖怪”就去不得? 年轻人能够重装无向导,我老头轻装用背夫总可以吧?话是这么说,形成决定还需多方了解情况,掂斤估两。我自己的情况是:65岁,数年前被医生宣布为高血压病人,需每天服药降压; 从03年起间或参加过不少杭州周围野山的登山活动,体能在团队中属中下等; 2009年5月去川藏,在定日珠峰大本营徒步5公里,2010年春节从德钦雨崩徒步到梅里雪山大本营, 这两次高原行走都感觉高反轻微;去年五一,作为EBC徒步的热身去爬了浙西清凉峰(海拔1787.4米, 8.5小时上下),下山时陡坡砾石路很难走,把四个脚趾盖都顶黑了,筋疲力尽,但还是跟上队伍走完了全程(能不跟上吗?)。浏览了不少有关EBC徒步的网帖,反复权衡,最终的结论是:走EBC不需要超强的体力,但需要有一点意志和耐力, 需要有高原行走适应高反的经历,因此我基本上是能够胜任的, 尽管从古狗卫星图上看下去,我们将要走的路是如此严酷狰狞。根据旅行必须“有钱有闲”的条件, 我把出发日期定在2012年初,在杭州19楼,8264,磨房,台湾背包客栈上都发了招伴帖,帖子发出后,前前后后来联系的有二十多人,包括香港,日本, 台湾的驴友, 但因为我的日程较长,上班族假期不够或不对应,最后成行的只有四人,其实, 这样的徒步旅行结伴最好也就是4-6人,人多了容易意见分歧各行其是。在搜集尼泊尔旅行资料做攻略的过程中,除了上面提到“杭州小妖精”的帖子,对我帮助最大的就是简如邠女士的书《尼泊尔玩全秘笈》,尽管这本书的大陆版本完全以“中国”的面目出现,没有一字提到台湾, 但一看行文风格便知这本书是台湾作者写的。在此真心对这两位女菩萨致谢。 出发前一天晒装备, 说明如下:60升背包自重2.2公斤,总重11.5公斤,EBC路上拿出自己背装相机水壶的小背包,托付给背夫的重量是8.5公斤。考虑到走EBC本人体力有限, 没有带笨重的单反,只带了两个傻瓜机,打印机用来现场打印小照片讨尼泊尔小盆友的喜欢。事后最满意的装备:骆驼全防水登山鞋(740元),天石海子羽绒睡袋(淘宝886元,舒适温零下4°C--零下11°C,充绒800克,自重1.4公斤),宜家0.5升保暖瓶(29元,看瓶贴属日本退货,却是我用过的水瓶中保温效果最好的,让我能在雪山上喝到热水)。为了保持对外联络并免去网本的重量,专门买了一个爱疯4替换原来300元的双卡山寨手机.因为后来三人放弃了计划中的CHO LA PASS, 所以雪套冰爪都没用上。D0 (2月29日) 上海--成都又一次来到这个驴友中转城市,免不了再去逛逛锦里。D1 (3月1日)成都--加德满都(Kathmandu)950从成都起飞, 1130左右飞越喜马拉雅山脉。80年代某个夏天曾首次飞越喜马拉雅, 那时只看到一片赭色的高原, 如同火星表面, 没有任何生命迹象,也十分震撼, 现在则疑惑当时为什么没有看到积雪呢?飞临加都河谷上空加都国际机场, 尼泊尔欢迎你网上招伴集结的四个人(来自杭州, 嘉兴, 漳州)在加都机场外, 一副神采飞扬的样子, EBC的冰天雪地正等着狠狠地折磨这四个小子。到达塔梅尔区东口。在所住旅馆对门的旅行代理处买了明天去LUKLA的小飞机票(往返205美元),换了足够的卢比。大街上的尼共竞选广告。外国游客受到尼泊尔武警的严密保护:) 自己去尼泊尔旅游局办理进山证(TIMS), 每份1600卢比。如果委托旅游代理办, 每份要2000卢比,但如果你和代理有其他生意可做, 如委托其代办旅馆,机票,团队游,雇佣向导背夫等等, 代理也可能向你提供只要1000卢比或10美元的进山证,其中有何奥妙他们自己知道。街上的骑警, 把照片在电视机上放大看才看出骑警是位女性, 正用冷峻的眼神瞟我这位“老外”的镜头。人行天桥上的盲人乞丐。穿过加都最热闹的传统集市阿森街(ASON TOL)。 杜邦广场纳拉扬神庙距离这个“苦行僧”的背影十几米远按下了快门,不料他却听到了“咔嚓”声立马转过身朝我走来,“哈哈, 可逮着你了,100卢比!”--看他的表情我猜想他心里是这样想的,他走近向我讨钱,我假装听不懂他的话一脸茫然双手乱挥, 最后不了了之。湿婆和帕尔瓦蒂在他们的神庙上方俯视着芸芸众生。尼泊尔人90%信印度教,湿婆(SHIVA)是三大神祗之一,主管生殖与毁灭, 虽是外形是女的,却是个男儿身(像佛教的观音菩萨?),以男性生殖器(LINGGAM)为象征; 帕尔瓦蒂是湿婆的配偶,是喜马拉雅雪山神女,代表幸福美满的婚姻,以女性生殖器(YONI)为象征。D2 (3月2日) KATHMANDU--LUKLA (海拔2840)--PHAKDING(2610)--MONJO(2840)加都国内机场大厅买的是YETI的机票,坐的是TARA的飞机, 驾驶员是典型尼泊尔美男。登机完毕, 乘客中有不少当地女藏民, 是去转山拜佛的。 第一次坐这样的小飞机,觉得命都悬在窗外这个黑铁皮包的螺旋桨上。降落了我们的飞机 卢卡拉山地机场,仅有400米斜坡跑道, 据称居世界上最危险的十个机场之首。在机场出口和出发前在网上约好的两名向导背夫会面,决定今天和随后的行程安排。尼泊尔时间早上10:00启程,从机场边的小路上山。刚才得到消息, 本月14号尼泊尔AGNI公司的一架小飞机从博克拉(POKHARA)飞往江森(JOMSOM, ABC徒步的一个起点)途中因技术故障失事撞山, 机上至少17人遇难。无语。 愿逝者安息, 一路走好。难免会想, 同在2012年, 为什么是ABC, 不是EBC?为什么是五月的他们, 不是三月的我们?想起这次旅行前,老同事(曾在空军中维修飞机)劝我不要去坐小飞机。户外运动的风险当然比坐在家中大,但是,生命的本质,就寓在运动之中啊。 夏尔巴人的孩子, 也许从小就学习这种用头顶承重的负荷方式了。1400到PHAKDING午餐, 1710到MONJO投宿。我们的向导(左)和背夫(右),向导能英语会话, 书写也很漂亮,背夫是他徒弟,看上去18岁都不到吧。 D3 MONJO(2840)—NAMCHE (3440)萨加马塔国家公园门口。 在这里查验进山证和购买门票(每人1000卢比)。珠穆朗玛峰(藏语, 圣女峰)在尼泊尔语中为萨加马塔峰(SAGARMATHA),西方人则习惯称埃佛勒斯特峰(MOUNT. EVEREST), 是为了纪念英国统治印度和尼泊尔时,负责测量喜马拉雅山脉的印度测量局局长George Everest。办公室内记载每年每月进山人数的表牌,2012年3月还是空白。路遇一位在事故中失去一条胳膊的夏尔巴向导,他仍在继续他的职业。 据说今天的路陡升600米比较费劲, 结果却没有感觉, 上午8:00出发, 中午1230即到目的地NAMCHE。下午到市场上去购物,买了气罐, 矿泉水,夏尔巴帽等等。投宿HOTEL TIBET.旅馆店堂里纪念1953年新西兰人希拉里和他的夏尔巴向导诺尔盖首次登上珠峰的的招贴。小时候(1956年)我在上海黄陂路南京路口(现上海美术馆)看过一个《印度摄影展览会》,里面有首次登上珠峰的诺尔盖的照片,所以一直以为首次登上珠峰的是个印度人。 D4NAMCHE(3440)--TENGBOCHE(3860)上午10:00从NAMCHE 出发据向导说这座塔是纪念首次登上珠峰的夏尔巴人诺尔盖的。下午1720在一片阴霾中到达TENGBOCHE的客栈 D5TENGBOCHE(3860)--DINGBOCHE(4410)早上起来挂在室内的毛巾成了冰棍,说明室温在零度左右,自己的睡袋加客栈的一条毯子,基本可以睡得比较暖和。早餐。 NAMCHE以上客栈的房价是100卢比/人,早中晚餐的价格基本上是300-450卢比一餐,热水300卢比/一热水瓶,牦牛奶400卢比/一热水瓶,充电300卢比/一次。 牦牛所背货物的外包装是“浙江温岭工业园区”的饲料袋。今天是上午820出发, 下午1550到DINGBOCHED6DINGBOCHE (4410)今天在DINGBOCHE停留一天,适应海拔。客栈店堂里台湾驴友的帖子。晒鞋,烧水泡方便面。夕阳下的 AMA DABLAM 峰(海拔6858米)D7DINGBOCHE (4410)--LOBUCHE(4940)早餐后在客栈店堂里和房东合影,山上所有的店堂都是同一格局,屋中央通常有个火炉,四周墙边连上约70公分宽50公分高的坐台,上铺毛毡, 再放一圈餐桌,白天可当餐厅,晚间遇旺季客人爆满时可让客人睡在坐台上。柜台上贴了告示提醒健行者在此购买巧克力瓶装水等物资, 再上去越高越贵。 能和心爱的人一起神游喜马拉雅山真是人生莫大的快乐啊, 后面是KANGTEGA峰(6778米) 早上7:50出发,1020到TUKLA午餐,各国登山队健行者都习惯事先做好不干胶LOGO一路留名,俺们下次也要学这一招。这次只能用随身带的红色唛头笔留名(见上方)。爬坡上了这个垭口是一片开阔地,这里有许多在山难中殒命的夏尔巴人和各国登山者的灵塔。 夏尔巴人用石块垒的灵塔。这个德州达拉斯的小伙子25岁就没了, 不知是在雪山冲顶中遇难还是在高反中一睡不起了。亲属的铭文是“愿他的灵魂在此永生,我们爱你, 我们想你”。 在温暖的阳光下看着,读着,泪水忽然涌上了眼眶。 缺氧,大脑有点迷糊,在平坦的开阔地,EBC的温和阳光令人感到舒服,空气中好像有一种甜蜜的意味,体力消耗似到极限,几乎想就地躺下不再起来, 怎么样?像很多高反患者那样,睡下去就不起来了如何?把所有的烦恼一下全部扔在身后,这样的离开世界也未尝不好啊。亲历过许多长辈和同辈的去世,病人躺在医院病床上,围着一大堆心思各异的亲友,身上插满管子,连着生命监护仪,用各种药物维持血压, 心率,血氧饱和度等各项指,延长濒死者的生命,最后再尝试用大电极刺激心脏复苏 - - 难道这样的死就好么?人的血液里,或多或少流动着早先荒野上群居动物的基因,那些喜欢亲近大自然的登山者探险家的生死观,肯定会和一般人有差别啊。 我们还在向LOBUCHE靠拢, 这位法国大哥已经从EBC下来了,这是我见到的最嬉皮士的“驴友”,脚蹬硬底大皮鞋, 身穿一件到处是破洞的皮大衣,用一根带子背着一个SACK (单口帆布袋, 或曰小偷越货用的大袋子),没有帽子围巾, 没有登山杖, 没有开麦拉,可令所有讲究名牌的“装备控”驴友目瞪口呆 - - - - 前方左面是PUMO RI (7165米), 右面是LINGTREN (6749米)。下午1510到LOBUCHE, 今天走的路在地图上量得的直线距离是9公里,但实际上上下下的距离是多少, 就不清楚了。空中不时响起救援直升机的声音,把严重的高反病人送往加德满都救治,一次救助飞行需5000-6000美元。出发前买过人民币165元的美亚保险,一旦出险只要报保单号就可以得到先行救助,但这样的飞行享受还是不要为好。([]
西沙群岛,那片遥远的海疆,从儿时的电影、课文中就出现的美丽海域,终于成为了眼前触手可及的美景。经历了往返近48个小时的骇浪颠簸、晕船呕吐,当我庆幸终于离开不停摇动的甲板,踏上陆地时,却发现自己竟然不适应在陆地上行走,深一脚浅一脚,仿佛还停留在船上的状态。西沙群岛所有的美景、淳朴的渔民,都让我如此陶醉,如此留恋!这次的旅行非同寻常,刻骨铭心,醉生梦死,西沙的一切都让我中毒太深,据说解药藏在西沙的那些海岛上,看来,西沙还得再去一次,再去一次啊!像往常一样,从这个叫做北京的地方飞向美丽的海南岛,这次与以往任何一次旅行都不一样,将要乘坐一种叫做船的家伙出海,听说还是木制的渔船,兴奋、开心、好奇、纠结、忐忑,等等一并袭来,组成了一支出发进行曲,在沐浴着晨光的心间来回荡漾。南航的A380,传说中的巨无霸,绝对比麦当劳里的那个有型,身披金光,霸气十足!可惜了,这不是飞海南的,我乘坐的A330,比起这个家伙,寒酸啊!登机就睡觉,惯例!眼睛一闭、一睁,还是在天上,再一闭、一睁,海南岛到了!4月的海口已然湿热无比,吹着微微的海风,晃晃悠悠来到了市区。05年至今来过海南五六趟,海口几乎没有任何变化,交通依然混乱不堪,只是原来满大街的摩托车变成了清一色的电瓶车,在大街小巷横冲直闯,真是佩服海南人的车技和耐心!吃,旅行的一个永恒主!文昌鸡、东山羊、加积鸭、和乐蟹号称海南四大美食,均已尝遍。海口街头巷口那些本地人光顾的大排档才是真正的美食聚集地,简单挑几张这次吃过的东东,出海之前吃饱喝足,到时候晕船呕吐才有体力啊!正,正,扯了半天都跑,出海的时刻即将到来!夜色中的港口一片祥和,殊不知再过1个时辰,待到风高月夜之时,我等将随船潜入夜,悄悄向西沙海域进发!深夜23时左右,船只出发了,如果一切顺利,将在24个小时后抵达西沙海域。几乎在所有的影像或文字资料中,海都是唯美和浪漫的代名词。然而当渔船驶出港口,理想和现实的差距渐渐拉开。船长说这次我比较幸运,海况还算不错,寒流刚结束,台风季节还没到,所以没有大的风浪。尽管如此,半夜在深海,浪也达到了1米多高,躺在船顶的甲板上,来回晃悠。夜深时,呼啸的海风夹杂在孤单的马达轰鸣声中,听起来格外恐怖。海浪一声声打在甲板、船身,偶尔还夹杂着雨点飘来,机房也飘来是刺鼻柴油味严重刺激了我的神经,在支离破碎的梦境中晃悠到天明。晕船,是必须的,出发前为晕船做了充分准备,买了晕船药和晕船贴,不过为了体验晕船的奇妙感受,这些东西都没用上。天将明,海浪依然不减,干脆起床站到船头甲板去吹海风,看海上日出。驾驶舱位于船只顶部,摇晃也最厉害。而机舱工作人员常年要在震耳欲聋的噪音中工作。一下到底舱,各种机器一同工作产生的震耳欲聋的噪音迎面袭来,船上无时无刻不在的噪音原来是从这儿发出的。几十吨的渔船在大海中,如同一粒尘埃,严重的颠簸摧残着我,船体有时候倾斜近20°,晕得厉害,没撤,日出是看不下去了,爬回甲板继续平躺,船工说,即使在海上工作了几十年的老船员有时候也会晕船。同行的哥们问:“晕吗?”答:“晕!”又问:“想吐吗?”答:“想,可我舍不得,昨儿吃的,鲍鱼!”船工过来喊我去下层船舱吃饭,挣扎着爬到船舱里,一股刺鼻的柴油味袭来,连滚带爬又回到了上层甲板,脑袋伸向大海,眩晕加反胃,开吐。吐完靠着船舷坐在甲板上,舒服多了,当时心里就想,回程也是同样的航程,我靠,没法活了。船长说:晕船是避免不了的,吃了东西,吐了,那就再吃……在轰鸣的马达和颠簸中度过一个白天,晕乎乎的躺在甲板上,船上的生活可想而知很枯燥。大海上一切信号都消失,不能上网,手机也只能当做闹钟用。心里琢磨,从来没有过的体验,连续躺着超过20多个小时,突然又想到还有回程,瞬间心里那个凌乱啊!天色暗下来,远处海平线上隐约露出了一个灯塔,啊,是北礁!激动的差点内牛满面。过了北礁,到西沙就只剩下不到5个小时的航程了,亲,你们能体验兄弟我此刻的心情么!继续平躺,船体从灯塔旁悄然驶过。航灯塔,在儿时的印象中,就是一位老人孤独地坚守在塔顶,日复一日为过往的船只指引前行的航路。从内陆前往南中国海,第一站是北礁灯塔,这个灯塔作用十分重大,过往船只都要通过它来核对航海参数。塔高23米,顶灯射程能够达到15海里。远航过的人都能理解,在黑夜中的大海上,远方的灯塔就像家一样温暖。从日出到日落,又一天过去了,西沙越来越近!在大海上,无风三尺浪,看似平静的海面,船体还是来回摇晃。在白天的航行中,偶遇了海豚,共三只,远远地露出灰色的背鳍,突然跃出海面,优美的划出一道弧线,落水后便消失了!日落的过程无法用语言去形容,绚丽的色彩用任何镜头都难以表达。黑夜又将来临,从出发到现在,已经过了23个小时,西沙海域,我们终于抵达了!天黑了,无法登陆附近的岛屿,船长说明天早上涨潮后再登岛,今晚继续在船上打发时光。整整睡了近24个小时,现在精神亢奋,钓鱼是船上最普遍的娱乐活动。船工打开船头的照明灯,大伙开始钓鱼,各种钓具齐出动。有用杆的,有用卷筒的,有的直接攥着一根鱼线,都能钓上鱼。钓到的都是些稀奇古怪的鱼,生活在内地的我们基本上叫不出这些鱼的名字。不到一个小时的功夫,已经钓上来几十条鱼,生鱼片敞开供应,渔获在甲板上直接加工,很美味,像嫩牛肉一样,入口即化。太阳再次升起,美丽的西沙映入眼帘,海面深邃幽蓝,太阳从海中慢慢升起,一会金色的阳光遍铺满海面,海水也变成了碧绿色。银屿岛,抵达西沙后见到的第一个岛屿,远远看去就像一道美丽的金黄色线条。这个礁石岛面积只有0.01平方公里,海拔不足两米,随着涨潮,面积将变得更小。岛上有几座渔民的棚屋,有些渔民常年驻守在这里进行捕捞作业。今天我将登陆这个岛屿,在岛上浮潜、露营!这些位于大海中的珊瑚岛,四周水很浅,我们的渔船无法靠近,只能远远的停泊在深海区域,依靠渔民的小船往返接送。这种小船配备一个小马达,最大承载量6-8人。渔民站在船上疾驶的造型太酷了,可惜我们没有这个平衡能力。来西沙很仓促,几乎没有时间去整理装备,胡乱装了一大包就来了。从小船上直接跳进海里,双脚浸入海水的那一瞬间,海水暖暖的,心都快化了。由于西沙群岛没有对外开放,再加之其地理位置远离陆地,所以它的生态环境得以有效的保护,真正体验到了清澈见底、碧波浩渺的传说场景。无数次看到马尔代夫、大溪地等著名海滩的图片,也无数次憧憬,来到西沙后,一切憧憬都是神马浮云,惊叹、激动、恍惚……长期以来由于环境恶化、过度捕捞,国内很多渔场已面临无鱼可捞,海南也不例外,近海的渔业资源也近乎枯竭。对于祖祖辈辈把大海当做粮仓的渔民来说,面前就只有一条路:去更远的海。西沙的很多岛屿上都有常年驻守的渔民,每个岛多则数十人,少则3、4人。他们每次出海驻岛作业少则3、4个月,多则半年、一年,甚至更长。在这与世隔绝、杳无音讯的海岛上,白天与大海作伴,夜晚与星月相依,日出而作日入而息,简单、枯燥、寂寞,日复一日,年复一年。捕捞上来的螺、鱼、贝等分类存放在这样的塑料框里,泡在海水中养殖,不定期就会有大型的渔船来西沙收购,纯天然无污染。面对这样的大海,没有理由拒绝,不管你是否会游泳,都要跳进她的拥抱,与之嬉戏!面对这样的大海,端着相机的双手都在颤抖,处处是美景,都不知从何处下手了。同行的有两个哥们带了哈苏和大义617胶片机来创作,我只能借机摆个POSS。碧绿的海水蔚蓝的天空让你无法控制自己身体对它的亲近,这里是绝佳的浮潜天堂。一个猛子扎下海去,很多海洋的动植物立刻将你拥抱,那些可爱的热带鱼偶尔会调皮地“摩擦和戏弄”你一下,冷不丁也会窜出一条长达1米的不知名海鱼从身边缓缓游过,擦肩而过时还痞痞的斜眼藐你。所谓的海螺、贝壳、珊瑚之类的暂且放下,还有更多的东西诱惑着你,鲍鱼、八爪鱼、海胆、海参、石斑鱼等等,知道名字和不知道名字的,以前看过的还是从未谋面的,数不胜数,都等着你去零距离地亲密接触。水下拍摄,第一次尝试,借来同行哥们的佳能D10水下相机,尽情拍个够。水下相机的色彩还原效果特别出色,也有用防水袋装着普通单反的,但防水袋的塑料折射率太差,拍出的效果也不太好。第一天登岛后没有太多经验,赤膊上阵,结果强烈的紫外线让我吃尽了苦头,接下来的几天内都是长衣长裤、鞋袜齐全下海,还好保护措施及时补救,才没有晒伤,同行的好几个哥们浑身晒得像煮熟的龙虾,红通通的,两条大腿似乎穿了性感的红丝袜。对于珊瑚,大家并不陌生,除了水族馆,大多见到的都是加工过的珊瑚石,这里的海底遍布活珊瑚,一猛子扎到海底,轻轻的拿起一块珊瑚体,软软的,触角还在蠕动,拍张照,再缓缓将它们送回海底。这里的海水透明度高达几十米,岛屿周边因为有浅滩,海滩延伸出去50多米,水深大多是齐腰或齐胸。一个人静静的浮潜在这里,大海、鱼儿、珊瑚等做伴,时间和思维都停止了,爬在水面上发呆,体验从未有过的感觉。聊天、唠嗑、摆龙门阵……没有酒水饮料、没有零食小吃,大家就这样坐在珊瑚礁上,泡在海水中,一个下午的时光就这样悠闲的度过了!既然是中国的领土,必定要有象征主权的界碑,西沙每一个露出海面的岛屿上均有边防等单位设立的警示碑。风吹日晒,很多碑上的涂料均已褪色,在附近找到烧过木灰,涂抹上,才显示出那些碑刻上的国徽和说明文字。岛上没有任何接待条件,除了孤零零的几座渔民的木棚,扎营是最佳方案,超级海景房啊,面朝大海,春暖花开!傍晚退潮的时候,岛屿一侧从海平面上渐渐露出了一片金黄色的小岛,覆盖整座岛屿的都是细细的珊瑚贝壳的碎砂,如同海市蜃楼般的幻境。傍晚,出海捕鱼的渔民回来了,今天的收成不错,光这条红鱼,就足足20多斤重。海水退潮速度很快,原本潜水才能看到的海底逐渐抬出海平面,变成了成片的礁盘,夕阳映射在礁盘上,散发出炫目的金光。退潮后的海水似乎也平静了许多,浪花拍打礁石的节奏也很轻柔,美,要怎么说出口。一天就这样静静的走向结束,坐在礁盘上,遥望北方,家,就在那里!傍晚,在夕阳悄悄躲进地平线以后,夜空亦非平时所云的点点繁星,那种大小不等、交织相连、层次分明的星云恰似一幅立体的抽象三维图案悬挂在天际。海浪早已退去,海风也平静得恍如催眠。整个空间的色彩也由泛黄、金黄、火红、亮紫、暗红在过度。刚才提到今天出海渔民的渔获不错,除了大红鱼和一堆螺外,还有这些貌不惊人的石斑鱼,石斑在内地市场的身价动辄几百一斤。但,在西沙,从渔民手中购买,低廉的价格仿佛回到解放前。([]
金秋十月,有幸与中国民俗摄影协会徐州分会一起去华北晋冀摄影采风行。国庆长假,对去哪里和怎么去一直是个很纠结的事情。十一长假,金秋季节,不出去吧,觉得错失好季节,出去吧,又担心车满人满,到哪里都是人挤人,人挨人,这对于不爱凑热闹的驴友影友们而言是个大忌。正巧摄影协会也在讨论此事,最后决定走一条冷门线路,来一次金秋晋冀摄影采风行,哇,好线路,二话不说,咱报名,于是乎,就“成就”了这趟旅行线路:徐州—清西陵—紫荆关长城—蔚州古城—上苏庄—空中草原—蔚县—暖泉古镇—大同—悬空寺—应县—恒山—平遥—徐州D19月30日 徐州—清西陵 9月30日晚上8:00,一行32人包了一辆大客出发了,一车的欢声笑语,一夜的辛苦旅途,于10月1日清晨到达此行的第一站——清西陵。D2 10.1清西陵—紫荆关—乌龙沟—蔚县 清西陵位于河北省易县城西15公里处永宁山下,离北京120多公里。周界约100公里,面积达800余平方公里。清西陵是清代自雍正时起四位皇帝的陵寝之地,陵内共有14座陵墓,包括雍正的泰陵、嘉庆的昌陵、道光的慕陵和光绪的崇陵。此外还有3座后陵,以及若干座公主、妃子园寝。我们第一个参观的是光绪的崇陵。崇陵是光绪皇帝的陵墓,也是我国最后一座帝王陵墓。光绪帝名载湉,爱新觉罗氏。其父是道光皇帝的第七子醇亲王,其母叶赫那拉氏,是慈禧太后的胞妹。同治帝病故后,由慈禧太后做主,指定继承皇位。崇陵始建于1909年,陵址名叫金龙峪。其规模虽不如雍正、嘉庆的陵墓那样庞大,没有大碑亭、石像生等建筑,但它除继承清代建陵规制,参照咸丰帝定陵、同治帝惠陵的风格外,又吸收了古代建筑技术的某些精华,仍具有它的特色。整个陵寝根据守卫和祭把的需要,建筑了五孔桥、巡房、牌楼门、神厨库、三路三孔桥、朝房、班房、隆恩门、燎炉、配殿、隆思殿、三座门、石五供、方城、明楼、宝顶和地宫。 皇家的陵寝就是不一样,入陵的牌楼门都是这么有气派。 步入牌楼门 看这汉白玉桥栏杆的“三路三孔桥”,真有天安门金水桥的范儿。 隆思殿内用的木料均为异常珍贵的铜藻、铁藻,质地坚硬无比,用这种木料制作一把普通太师椅,重量竟高达百余斤,所以隆思殿被誉为“铜梁铁柱”,且梁架之间增加了隔架料,既能托顶,又使殿内更加美观。隆思殿内的四根明柱,底部有海水江涯图案,柱身为一条金龙盘绕向上,较其它帝陵的宝相花更加富丽堂皇。 尽管非常之奢华,皇家,最终也随着流逝的时光成为了过去。。。。 后面的这座院落,便是光绪皇帝的陵寝。光绪登基时,正值清朝面临内忧外患,营造陵寝的工程不能如期破土动工,一直拖延到1908年,光绪皇帝驾崩,1909年才由宣统朝着手操办。修建期间,清朝已走向灭亡,宣统皇帝与隆裕皇太后退位,于是向中华民国政府提出要求:“德宗崇陵未完工程,如制妥修,其奉安典礼,仍如旧制,所有实用经费,均由中华民国支出。”当时,南京临时政府的议和代表及各省都督,对清室要求宽大应许。正门显然不是我们走的,我们自然是走边门进入。 光绪驾崩时,陵还未建,他的梓宫(棺椁)在故宫观德殿暂安。1909年3月,光绪的棺椁又由观德殿迁往西陵梁格庄行宫停放,一路起落,共耗银438400多两。虽然北京至西陵当时已通火车,但光绪棺椁仍用人抬。前面有卫兵开道,随后是皇帝和王公大臣,后面还有隆裕皇后、瑾贵妃等,最后是1400多辆轿车。棺椁拾至阜城门,仅十里远,就撤掉纸钱1000斤,用银260两。北京至西陵行程240华里,抬杠夫每天分为60班,每班128人,轮流抬着棺椁艰苦行进。沿途支搭三宿芦殿,耗银29000两,经过四天三夜,才把光绪的棺椁运到梁格庄行宫,安放于正殿之中。不知当时从北京至西陵行程240华里,杠夫每天分为60班,每班128人,经过四天三夜,轮流抬着棺椁是如何艰苦行进的,但从这陵寝正殿可以感受出当时的排场了。正在这高大的地宫正殿前拍摄,突然从上面跑下来一个孩子,我赶紧抓住机会咔嚓了一张,为这阴气沉重的陵寝增添了点“活气”。来此参观的人们大多是来凭吊下这段历史的,同时也通过这些看看皇家的奢靡生活。 大殿下面的地宫才是摆放灵柩的地方。 据说在光绪的棺椁正式安放崇陵地宫之际,清朝的遗老遗少还在这座帝王陵前,演出了一幕极尽愚忠的闹剧。光绪的老师梁鼎芬是比较典型的一位,他在崇陵的修建过程中,经常到工地瞻祝,为工程的修建筹款募捐。在为光绪送葬时,他由两个亲随搀扶着在陵前执绋(牵引灵枢的大绳),从行宫一直走到下宫殿。当人们将棺椁、随葬品布置妥当退出地宫后,唯有梁鼎芬疯疯癫癫地坐在地宫内预备给光绪殉葬。后被其亲随背出,才算完事。还真有为清朝皇帝自愿殉葬的忠臣哦。尽管清廷的遗臣为修建崇陵费尽心思,光绪还是没有能够在他的地下寝宫里平安地长眠下去。1931年军阀混战时期,一伙不明身份的兵匪盗掘了崇陵地宫,多数随葬品被劫走。 地宫中合葬着光绪帝和他的隆裕皇后,这是他们的棺椁,其陪葬物品自然是一无所有了。 。。。。。。。。 清西陵北依峰峦叠翠的永宁山,景态雄伟。 这里有华北地区最大的古松林,数以万计的古松、古柏把这一带装点得清秀葱郁,古朴大方。 这陵墓前还有个壁照,也是用来辟邪的吗? 为了增强排水性能,每个宫殿基部都建有2米宽的散水,明楼前和三座门前分别挖砌了御带河,地宫内凿有14个水眼与龙须沟相通。 妃子墓,妃子墓的琉璃瓦装饰就不是黄色的而是绿色的了。 这满院子里的树让这沉寂的陵墓区不显得那么阴森了。 这是珍妃的墓。清帝后妃有两位女子曾获“珍妃”这一封号,一位是道光帝珍妃赫舍里氏,另一位就是广为人知的光绪帝宠妃他他拉氏。珍妃(1876年-1900年),他他拉氏,满洲镶红旗人。清朝光绪皇帝妃子,也是最为受宠的妃子,后因获罪于慈禧而被投井杀害。而道光帝的珍妃赫舍里氏(1804-?)则卒年葬处不详。恪顺皇贵妃(1876年—1900年)他他拉氏,满洲镶红旗人,人们一般习惯按她曾获封的珍妃来称呼她。清朝光绪皇帝的侧妃,也是最为受宠的妃子,生于光绪二年二月初三为礼部左侍郎长叙之女。光绪十四年(1888年)10月初五慈禧太后选定其弟,副都统桂祥的女儿叶赫那拉氏为光绪帝之后,同时封珍妃与她的姐姐瑾妃为嫔,时瑾嫔15岁,珍嫔13岁。光绪二十年,两人同时晋封为妃。珍妃其祖父乃陕甘总督裕泰,其父长叙曾任户部右侍郎,其伯父长善乃广州将军,珍妃与其姊瑾妃自幼随长善在广州长大。珍妃10岁那年,长善卸任广州将军,她与姊姊随同北返北京。 1889年,珍妃两姊妹被入选宫中,13岁的她被封为珍嫔,15岁的姐姐封为瑾嫔,嫔为九等宫女序列中的第六等,直至光绪二十年甲午春(1894年),因慈禧太后六旬万寿加恩得晋嫔为妃,前面还有皇后、皇贵妃、贵妃三个等级。光绪26年(1900年)8月初,八国联军集结兵力进攻北京,慈禧太后挟持光绪帝慌忙出逃。[行前,命太监将幽禁于北三所寿药房中的珍妃唤出,推入位于慈宁宫后贞顺门的井中淹死。当时,珍妃年仅25岁。 瑾妃的墓光绪十四年(1888年),在光绪帝的选后大典上,瑾妃和妹妹珍妃同时入选,成为光绪皇帝的妃子,并在隔年元月行大婚礼,之后个别以瑾嫔和珍嫔的身分入宫。在入宫之后,瑾嫔住在东六宫之一的永和宫,妹妹珍妃也同样的住在同为东六宫之一的景仁宫。瑾嫔在宫中并未如妹妹珍嫔一般,获得光绪帝之宠幸,相反的,她和皇后—叶赫那拉˙静芬一般受到冷落,但瑾嫔并不以为意。六年之后,两人被晋升为瑾妃和珍妃。光绪二十年(1894年),珍妃因故得罪慈禧太后,姊姊瑾妃也受到牵连而一同被降为贵人,但在隔年两人又恢复了原本的妃子位号,但珍妃却受到了监禁,而瑾妃却依然保有自由、继续住在永和宫。光绪二十六年(1900年)七月,八国联军攻入京师,慈禧太后携宫眷出逃紫禁城,瑾妃便是其中一员。在宣统皇帝溥仪登基之后,瑾妃继续住在永和宫,并被尊为兼祧皇考瑾贵妃。在宣统逊位后,上徽号为端康皇太妃,她和溥仪的关系似乎不坏,溥仪称他为皇阿娘,每遇年节还会请她一同欢庆。溥仪退位后的次年,隆裕太后崩逝,瑾妃在四大太妃的地位中有所提高,她在四大太妃中年龄最轻,思想也较开通。民国十一年,在逊清朝廷为溥仪议婚时,瑾妃支持以婉容为皇后。瑾妃在永和宫过著很有品味的生活,时常以丹青书法自娱。在永和宫的摆设中,有着数样的瓶盘盆景、上头都镶嵌著精致出色的钟表和花鸟人物,同时她也是一位美食家,经常派人到京城附近的天福号买酱肘子供她吃早餐,由于瑾妃喜爱美食,因此永和宫里的小膳房,烹饪相当地出色,逊清的王公旧臣都爱吃她赏的饭。1923年,瑾妃五十寿辰,特邀请梅兰芳等著名京剧演员入宫演戏. 民国十三年(1924年),在和溥仪及其余逊清皇室成员欢度中秋佳节后,瑾妃受了风寒一病不起,五天后因情况恶化而死在永和宫,享年五十一岁,并以端康皇贵妃的身分,下葬于光绪帝的崇陵妃园寝。谥为温靖皇贵妃。在崇陵,还有做骑马旅游生意的,只是这么点路程,并没什么人骑马,这里的马儿就悠哉悠哉了。参观完崇陵接着去看泰陵。雍正的泰陵,居于陵区的中心位置,是清西陵中建筑最早、规模最大的一座。其余各陵则分布在东西两侧。 泰陵的神道,由三层巨砖铺成,两边苍松翠柏,上南往北分布着40多项大大小小的建筑。 ([]
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