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该贴记录本人在美国游记的点点滴滴,分享给大家,供大家欣赏,希望广大驴友强烈支持下实拍国立美国历史博物馆 这是我自己感觉最难写的一个博物馆,我最怕的是这个帖子最终变成了一堆片子,而我希望的是朋友们能和我一样,在穿越这二百多年历史的浮光掠影之后,能带着一点思考。 国立美国历史博物馆,英文全名是“The National Museum of American History”,与以前介绍的航天航空博物馆、和国立自然历史博物馆一样,是世界上最大的博物馆体系 — 史密森尼博物馆(Smithsonian Institution)下属的十六所博物馆之一,亦是美国最大的历史博物馆。国立历史博物馆位于华盛顿国家广场中段的北边,东邻以前介绍过的自然历史博物馆,南门遥对美国农业部。馆舍长175米,纵深91.5米、高36.7米,是一个白色大理石的五层建筑,总面积75万平方英尺,包括地下室、三层展厅、两层办公室和储藏室,顶层是机械动力室。我去的时候圣诞节刚过,大厅里还伫立着有两层楼高的圣诞树。 美国历史博物馆的展区有三层,一层设农业技术、交通运输、电话电信、纺织、医药等;第二层设第一夫人服饰、移民、昔日日常生活、移民发展等部门,三层设军队史、兵器、报纸、邮政、乐器、货币与纪念章、陶瓷器等部门。博物馆的宗旨是“收藏、保管和研究影响美国人民经历的物品”,展览的主是表现美国人的生活,时间从美国独立战争结束至当代,整个陈列反映了欧洲各国移民到达美洲大陆后艰苦创业,开发技术,共同努力创造一个统一的不断发展的美利坚合众国的历史。与一般的历史博物馆不同,美国历史博物馆的展品不是按年代和地区陈列的,而是按专,这与美国历史的短暂及藏品博杂很有关系。 新近开放了为911专辟的展区:911-历史的见证。在那里,人们可以看到前纽约市长朱利安尼在纪念活动中带过的帽子、来自各地的义务工作者在救援活动中使用过的工具、纽约警车残骸以及无数的图片与故事等,这些物品,忠实记录着那一震惊世界的事件,更提醒人们对生命的尊重与生存的意义。这是被攻击的美国五角大楼 9月11日那天飘扬的旗帜。 星条旗馆区是必须看的,那里有1812年第二次对英战争中飘扬在麦克亨利堡上空的长14米,宽10米的大星条旗。 美国总统展区有很多实物,包括:美国第一任总统华盛顿的制服、戴过的假发和使用过的佩剑、杰佛逊起草《独立宣言》时用过的办公桌、杰佛逊使用过的圣经、林肯的帽子、卢瑟福总统的广播话筒等。· · 反映美国服饰的展厅里以白宫室内布置为背景,塑有自玛莎·华盛顿以来历届美国第一夫人穿着礼服的蜡像,成为200年美国贵妇人服饰演变的史料展示。· 我最喜欢的是肯尼迪夫人的礼服,简约却唯美,透着十足的品位,某种程度上解释了为什么她曾经会是最受上流社会男人追捧的女人。 奥巴马夫人的礼服在我看来只是一件普通的晚礼服,从礼服上可以判断,第一夫人的个子真的是好高哟。· 顺时针:林肯夫人、卢瑟福夫人、卡特夫人、和艾森豪威尔夫人的礼服。 对战争史有兴趣的游客可以在第三层参观关于越战、炮舰、西点军校、以及冷战时期的陈列。这里还有货币、纪念章、防止品、印制品的展览。这是南北战争时候火炮实物。 左:1838年Spencer发明的显微镜。右上:1844年摩尔电码电报机键。右下:1888年柯达制作的第一台照相机。 左上:1926年的1401蒸汽机模型。左下:1897年史蒂芬·巴隆制造的四轮轻型汽车。右:1846年Elias Howe发明的缝纫机。 左:1965年贝尔直升机为美国军方制作的Huey65-10091,1966年参与了对越作战。右:星球大战制片人George Lucas制作的机器人角色R2-D2.在实际的电影中,这两个机器人是穿着服装的演员扮演的。 左:拳王阿里的拳击手套和毛巾外披。右上:著名现代爵士乐圆号师 Dizzy Gillespie 在1972年-1985年间演奏使用的号,这圆号的扭曲处原本是偶然事故造成的,但他发现这样的演奏效果更好。右下:迈克尔·杰克逊的帽子。 左上/右上:电影《绿野仙踪》(The Wizard of OZ)里女主角穿的那双著名的红宝石鞋。左下:狮子王的面具。右下:著名卡通剧最早的模型。顺时针:史上最著名的棒球运动员Babe Ruth名的棒球,奥运会冠军的冰鞋和体操衫。 同时还有展区展出了18世纪邮局模型、古老邮票、和民族乐器等。最后我想花点时间专门说一下这个在一层展区的历史实物:The Woolworth’s Lunch Counter (Woolworth餐馆的午餐桌,作者译)。· 在1960年,黑人还不允许坐在北卡罗来纳州Greensboro市 F.W.Woolworth 饭店的午餐桌子上吃饭,那时,种族的不平等在美国南方还是司空见惯的事情,不论是在饭馆、卫生间、和其他公共场所,黑人都被“Jim Crow”这种族不平等的条理制约,无法获得平等的选举、租房、甚至外出就餐的权利。 1960年2月1日,四个黑人大学生来到这里、坐下、然后礼貌地点午餐,他们的要求被拒绝了,并被勒令离开,但是他们一直坚持坐在那里,这种被动和平的反抗方式点燃了美国年轻人中挑战种族不平等运动的战火,成百的学生、民权组织、教堂和社区的人员逐渐加入抗议,和Woolworth 饭店持续对峙了六个月。1960年7月25日,饭店最终不得不妥协,废除了种族隔离的规定。 国立美国历史博物馆展示了美国不同时期历史的演进过程,从南北战争、美国工业革命,到科学的进步历程,美国史上的点点滴滴都有包含。浏览其中,仿佛走入历史的画卷,在了解一代代移民艰苦创业、体验人文与科技的演变之余,你也许会更深地体会到,浩如星海的历史并非仅仅由大事组成,每一次历史变革都起源于我们普通百姓自己的争取和努力,每一个普通人也时时刻刻在创造着历史,也许因此,你会对生活和生命增添更多的期待和热爱吧。你看你看它们的眼钱塘湖春行白居易孤山寺北贾亭西,水面初乎云脚低。几处早莺争暖树,谁家新燕啄春泥。乱花渐欲迷人眼,浅草才能没马蹄。最爱湖东行不足,绿杨阴里白沙堤。 前两天贴了一组“乱花渐欲迷人眼”的图片,突然就想起了这组马的片子,好像只有配到一起才能对得起白翁。这组片子答应朋友很久了,要周末了,翻出来轻松一下。 曾有个朋友去新墨西哥州旅行,在沙漠地带拍到一群野马,很剽悍、很漂亮,让我很羡慕。我们山里也常看得到野马,貌似和鹿一样,已经基本上不怕人了。· 弗吉尼亚有很多牧场上经营着种马场,主要是配种生殖参加赛马比赛的公马,也允许人去参观,那里有很多漂亮的马,我惊异的是它们看人的眼神,那里面有着一种审视和警觉。([]
最新章节: 第521章 熊出没 ( 2024-07-11 03:30:35)
更新时间: 2024-07-10 23:44:11
) ) 我是恋恋,请大家多多关照。今年的秋天,沿滇藏线进西藏再到樟木,最后去走了尼泊尔的EBC(就是尼泊尔境内的珠峰南坡的登山大本营)) 我的行程: 合肥--昆明--丽江--束河--香格里拉—梅里雪山—帮达—八宿—林芝—拉萨—日喀则--樟木—加得满都 ,此段为国内线路,一站一站慢慢走,慢慢看。加得满都—LUKLA(鲁卡拉)----徒步至—珠峰EBC(EVEREST BASE CAMP),EVEREST指的就是峰珠穆朗玛峰--加得满都--樟木—定日--羊湖—拉萨—合肥 ,此段重点在尼泊尔的EBC。[ ] 我的行程地图国内部分:尼泊尔部分:红色部分为徒步线路[ ] 尼泊尔境内,世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰的南坡,有一个国家公园叫萨珈玛塔,公园有一条150公里的徒步线路,起点LUKLA,终点EBC(EVEREST BASE CAMP),EVEREST指的就是峰珠穆朗玛峰.下文所有提到的EVEREST都是珠峰的代名词! 行走萨珈玛塔之路,是每个徒步爱好者的终极梦想.在珠峰南坡看珠峰:[ ]尼泊尔是个多山的国家,世界上没有第二个国家有尼泊尔这样得天独厚的条件:世界上海拔8000米的10座山峰里,在尼泊尔境内,可以看到8座。在不到150公里的范围内, 海拔高度从60米陡然攀升到世界最高峰沿喜玛拉雅南麓,你可以欣赏到最壮观的四季垂直景观,许多的登山和徒步者每年乐此不彼的来到喜玛拉雅山脚下,为自己的梦想去征服一座又一座的雪山……[ ]每年,有超过25000人的欧美以及日韓人士踏上这条小路,在近珠峰大本营的小旅店挂滿世界各地徒步驴的留名.这个行程海拔从2800米到5500米,萨珈玛塔在尼语中的意思是"从陆地到海洋"或者"世界之颠"的意思,在这里,这个名字就代表你将从开满鲜花的林地穿越美丽的村庄和山间小路走向冰雪晶莹的世界之巅!走EBC本来是去年的计划,多种原因未果,08年,我的萨珈玛塔之路终于成行.从加德满都到LUKLA,可以乘小型飞机,机票价格200美金,LUKLA是此次徒步线路的起点,在这里可以找到背夫(兼向导),从LUKLA往北有三个山谷通往Everest(备注.在尼泊尔,珠峰有3个名字:Everest,Chomolungma,Sagarmatha,而Everest是最常用的),主要的景点都集中在这不同的三条山谷 Gokyo, Kala Pathar,Chukung.其中最流行的是走 Kala Pathar,位于EBC附近此次,我只走了两条沟Kala Pathar和Chukung,时间是8天上,4天下,并且记录了有关功略.线路特点:1,从低海拔向高海拔缓慢过度,大部分人可以很快适应; 2,每天雪山伴着你徒步,可以看见8000米以上的雪山有珠峰、洛子峰、卓奥友、马卡鲁。 3,路非常成熟,每走1-2小时都有住宿点,有花园,有雪山,有热茶和咖啡; 4,夏尔巴背夫忠诚,而且能吃苦耐劳,有些背夫甚至可以说上一口流利的英语,今年的价格每天5-10美金; 5,自然的美景+独特的人文给这条线带来更加神奇的色彩; 6,难度并非想象的那么大,12天里,上升的8天里,我每天的徒步时间没有超过6小时的;[ ]我的12天EBC的行程:这些英文的地点可能你会看了头发昏,没有去之前,我也是 ;P ,但是,当我回头看这些陌生而又熟悉的地方时,常常有些感动在心中,这些地名已经不是单纯的一个个符号,它们象一组一组的电影里的长镜头,虽已远去,却历久长新。。。。D1,加德满都机场——LUKLA(鲁克拉)(2840米)---—Thado Koshi Gaon(2800)午餐—Phakding(2610米)(徒步3小时,准-,海拔略有下降) D2,Phakding(2610米)-----—Monjo(2840) 午餐---—Namche Bazar(3440米)(徒步5小时,上升800米,准+) D3,Namche(3440米)-----Everest View Hotle (3926)---- Namche(3440米)(徒步3小时,D4, Namche(3440米)------Phunki Tenge(3250)(午餐) ---- Tengpoche(3860米)(徒步6小时,上升1000米,准+) D5,Tengboche(3860米)---Shomare(4250)(午餐)---------Dingboche(4410米)(徒步5小时,上升800米,准) D6, Dingboche(4410)---Chhukhung(4750)(徒步5小时,上升1000米,准+)----- Dingboche(4410)D7,Dingboche(4410)——Duglha4620(午餐)-——Lhobuche(4910)(徒步5小时,上下820米,准+) D8,Lhobuche(4910)-----Gorak Shep(5200米) (午餐)——EBC(珠峰大本营,5364米)——Gorak Shep(5200米)——(徒步8小时,爬升500米,挑战) D9, Gorak Shep(5200米)——Kala Patthar(5600米)——Gorap Shep(5140米)早餐------ Lhobuche(4910) (午餐)----Pheriche(4280) (徒步6小时,下降)D10, Pheriche(4280)------ Tengboche(3860米)------ Namche(3440米)(下降)D11,Namche(3440米)----- Phakding(2610米)(下降)D12, Phakding(2610米)---------- LUKLA(鲁克拉)(2840米)---—加德满都机场(下降)[ ]证北京,上海,拉萨,香港均可办理,今年起证按不同的停留时间15天、30天、60天收费不等. 30天的证费是280元。我的证是在拉萨办理的,周一递材料(填一个申请表格,2张照片),周三就可以拿。很方便。货币:樟木口岸1:11,加都1:10.45,徒步的孔布地区只能换到18.5. 在加都的泰木尔区有很多外汇兑换点,很方便;不要担心有假币,到目前为止还木有听说过有假币之说;用电 加都的所有酒店使用的电源插座都是英式的,所以带上220V圆柱两相或三项插座是必须的;EBC的路上,只有很少的点可以提供充电的地方,海 拔越高,充电的费用越贵,每小时300卢比左右;所以如果你是个色友,带足相机电池,是你必须做到的,以免不测。线路特点 1,从低海拔向高海拔缓慢过度,大部分人可以很快适应;2,每天雪山伴着你徒步,可以看见8000米以上的雪山有珠峰、洛子峰、卓奥友、马卡鲁。3,路非常成熟,每走1-2小时都有住宿点,有花园,有雪山,有热茶和咖啡;4,尔巴背夫忠诚,而且能吃苦耐劳,有些背夫甚至可以说上一口流利的英语,今年的价格每天5-10美金;5,自然的美景+独特的人文给这条线带来更加神奇的色彩;6,难度并非想象的那么大,12天里,上升的8天里,我每天的徒步时间没有超过6小时的; [ ]加都有很多旅行社提供登山服务,包括向导,背夫,出住等一条龙服务,但是这些保姆式的服务主要是针对那些喜欢FB游的客人,费用也比较贵!如果想真正体验行走喜玛拉雅的快乐,还是自己自助。省钱不说,重要是体验自由自在的行走给你带来的那种快乐![ ]来到NAPAL到了樟木,过了友谊桥的中间那条线,那就意味着进入NAPAL了。 穿过混乱拥堵的桥头之后,立刻汇入了尼人的洪流,口岸的贸易看来很不错。走了大约5-6分钟,进到尼国的入关办公室,一个看上去就不怎么让人喜欢的人开口就索汇--200尼,大概合人民币也就20元不到,来之前在网上看到功略说可以不给,因为这个属于非正常收费。进去之前,我就打定主义要据理以争。 SO,当那个留小胡子的男人说了200元之后,我立刻回绝,对他说:对不起,办理入关手续是你的职责,请不要滥用你的职权乱收费。他很惊讶的看着我,似乎不敢相信。旋即,他就耸耸肩,说了句:OK。就准备和我耗下去了。和我一起包车来樟木的几个人都以一副很配合的姿态缴了这200尼,并且很快办好了入关手续,只剩下我一个人和他们对恃。时间已经是中午了,到加都也是要几个人一起包车比较合算,眼争争的看着他们在等着我,没有办法,只好妥协。200尼是小事,很气不过这样的官员这样FB。 一个人500尼,谈好价格后,我们搭上了一个小皮卡,前往加得满都。樟木公安检查站樟木远眺。过了这里就进入NEPAL了[ ]4个小时的车程,终于到达加都。拥挤,喧闹,是加都给我的第一印象。按照LP上的指引,来到龙游背包客栈。间500尼网上介绍说是中国的背包客大多选择此地逗留.一个很安静的小院子,活指望能在这里拼到中国人一起走EBC,但是根本没有见到一个中国人 墙上写着大大中国字,但是前台的人依然一个中文也不会说,郁闷 [ ]龙游的第一个晚上,卫生间地漏有点不通,洗澡的时候水漫金山,而且晚上遭遇停电。 这在加都是司空见惯的事情. 加都给我的感觉象回到了小时候的故乡, 窄窄的街道,拥挤的楼房,很陈旧的气息弥漫在周围,当听着陌生的语言,汇入满街的尼人的洪流中的时候,才真正意识到,我已经身处异乡! 龙游的房顶成了我悠闲打发时间的好地方 [ ]泰米尔区是加都区的外国人聚集地,购物方便,有很多特色的手工艺品店。第二天实在是忍受不了龙游的昏暗和下水道不通,决定搬到“北京饭店”。“北京饭店”很不错,是一对中国夫妇开的,24小时热水,很干净。间600尼哦。一楼有个餐厅,可以吃到正宗的中国菜,这一点很令人开心!在北京饭店把去LUKLA的往返机票定好,200美金(旺季价,淡季170美金左右),回程是OPEN的。下午采购了一点山上的食物,然后去杜巴广场逛了一圈。杜巴广场,加都于我只是匆匆的路过,因为拼不到一起去LUKLA的人,我只有自己一个人前往LUKLA。北京饭店的潘老板对我自己一个人走EBC很反对,他说一个人去博卡拉没有关系,因为去博卡拉的人比较多,相对线路成熟些,但是我的假期已经快结束了,而且EBC是我这次出行的最终目的地,所以不想放弃!下午抽空给中国大使馆的郭主任打了一个电话,郭主任的想法和老潘一样,劝我还是小心一点,我道了谢,报了护照号码,并且留下了国内家里的电话。晚上把上山不需要的东西在北京饭店寄存,预约了morning call.重新把包包打好,离开拉萨藏式酒店时,店主送的哈达被我系在了包包上,希望自己一路平安。出发的那个早晨,4点30分就起床了,一脸的凝重[ ]凌晨的加德满都机场,准备飞往LUKLA,徒步的起点。一个中国人也没有看到,问了一圈,没有和我一样行程的,看来只要到LUKLA再说了。[ ]在机场,和一个英国人聊天,发现他们都在加都办了登山许可证,而我在网上得到的消息,在徒步的第二天,可以在萨珈玛塔公园大门入口处办理。这个英国人很认真的告诉我,应该要在加都办好,否则到了LUKLA有可能会被谴送回加都。天哪!本来就心里慌慌的,听了这些话,我更是忧心冲冲的。但是事实证明,我的担心是多余的,徒步的第二天,在萨珈玛塔公园大门入口处,交1000尼币,登山证就OK了。算拉,不去想这么多拉,车到山前必有路,走到哪步算哪步,最坏的打算,坐飞机鸟瞰一回喜玛拉雅也不是什么坏事。登机前。照片中最右边那个瑞典女子,也是一个人来走EBC的,后来我们结伴一起渡过了难忘的12天的EBC之旅。[ ]这样小的飞机,只能坐十几个人,有点吓人哦。加都鸟瞰加德满都谷地不久,飞机沿喜玛拉雅山脉的一侧飞行。去的时候最好坐在左边,回来坐右边,这样可以欣赏到壮观的喜玛拉雅山脉南麓。[ ]飞行了半小时后,飞机降落在LUKLA 机场 鲁克拉机场是由新西兰人援建的小机场,加德满都——鲁克拉的飞机都是小飞机,座20人左右。我买的是AGNI AIR航空公司的机票,往返200美金(旺季),回程是Open 的,回到鲁克拉,下午去航空公司确认第二天上午的回程就行了. 机场税170卢比;雪人(YETI Airlines)雪人据说是比较好的,飞机的班次也较多,但是,在我刚离开那个机场没多久,就有一架雪人航空公司的飞机坠毁在这个机场,机上18个来自德国准备去行山的人全部遇难。 当然这是后话,EBC线路的住宿:在LUKLA到EBC这条徒步线路上有大小30多座小村庄都建小客栈,最远间隔不超过半天的路程,可以省略露营装备,即所谓的Teahouse TREKking;客栈条件一般,不隔音,有些只提供床铺不提供毛毯,所以睡袋是必须的,随海拔的升高价格从200到500卢比之间,有部分客栈提供热水浴,价格从300-500不等,在南池有160美圆日租的豪华观景酒店Everest View Hotel ,在那里可以看到Everest(8864)峰和Ama dablam (6856)峰。 EBC线路上的餐饮:因为所有的东西全部来自山下,吃是比较贵的,主要是蛋炒面、蛋炒饭,整天与鸡蛋、土豆打交道,食物大多不可口,会吃到你崩溃为止.没有肉、没有青菜(他们不会做),只有少量的牛肉还有味道。大多的小客栈提供热饮,牛奶,红茶,柠檬水等....最贵的时候两个煎鸡蛋180卢比;燃料和饮水来自不易每升开水100卢币左右。由于水源污染,饮用水是个大问,带上消毒药片是必须的。如果准备充分的话,还是应该带上汽炉和一部分食物,自己解决一半的吃饭问,既经济又实惠! [ ]这个线路比较成熟, 一路上都有小客栈随时提供吃的和住的.这些小客栈大多以雪山为背景,你可以喝着热呼呼的奶茶对着雪山发呆,甚至,你还可以躺在床上通过你的窗户就可以看见日照金山 我不知道世界上哪里还有如此惬意的徒步路线?有时候,我觉的自己像在度假.[ ]夏尔巴背夫和向导: 目前尼泊尔大约有夏尔巴族人约36万,他们大多世代居住在尼泊尔北部靠近喜马拉雅山脉的高山地带,分高山协作向导和行山背夫两种。前者大多英语流利,有高海拔攀登经验,了解相关的地理知识,并有急救技能,这类向导往往被登山队所雇佣,费用昂贵;而行山背夫只是简单的为徒步者负重。今年行山背夫的价格500卢币-700卢币(含食宿)不等,背包的质量不超过50公斤。大多数的夏尔巴背夫不会英语,但是如果背夫懂英语的话,费用将节省一半,在LUKLA,如果你不急着赶路,耐下心来,可以找到既懂英语又能背包的夏尔巴背夫 关于徒步地图 Trekking MAP : 在加都任何一间书店你都能买到制作精良的Trekking MAP,这些大多来自欧洲,售价比较昂贵。一张EVEAEST的Trekking MAP买到300-500尼币,相当于人民币30-50元。每张地图都详细注了徒步线路的地理信息。据不完全统计,尼泊尔境内,有超过70条徒步线路供徒步者选择。 这里的一切都和EVEREST(珠峰)息息相关! 畅销书 《通往世界的尽头---- 一个探险摄影家的冒险之旅》 高山救援: 整个孔布地区有最好的高山救援队,来自各地甚至国外的医护人员以志愿者 的身份轮换工作。海拔最高的季节性诊所开到了海拔4300米的Pheriche(费里 切);紧急情况下,高山直升救援机可以从EBC大本营将病人接送至加都,但收费高达6000美圆。 关于登山证: 在进入萨加玛塔国家公园大门时,需要在这里办理登山证,费用1000卢比。国家公园大门从左边这个小门廊进去办理登山证公园还设有专门的网站,提供更多的徒步信息!登山证[ ]OK!开始我的第一天行程(彩色的部分)D1,加德满都机场——LUKLA(鲁克拉)(2840米)---—Thado Koshi Gaon(2800)午餐—Phakding(2610米)(徒步3小时,准-,海拔略有下降) 4点30在北京饭店被MORNING CALL叫醒,6点的飞机,简单洗漱,冲到楼下,店小二睡眼惺松的帮我开了门,我问他,帮我叫好的车在哪里?他回答: NO CAR!天哪,黑灯瞎火的,这怎么办!街道空无一人,一个车也木有,好象是前一天有罢工活动,难不成都不开工!叫小二走远点再帮我看看是否有车,10分钟后还是未果,看来等在酒店门口不可能等到车车了,于是,背上包,冲到大街上,几乎还是看到一辆车,真叫人绝望啊。又等了十几分钟,终于看到一个小车,因为没有路灯,又生怕司机看不到我,于是奋力的呼喊,拼命的奔跑冲过路中心的隔离带,终于拦截成功。和司机说了去机场后,终于送了一口气。其实在车子开往机场的路上,心里有点担心,说实话,我根本不知道司机会带我去哪里,万一被带去一个不知道的地方,或者被打劫什么的,那岂不是要完完!于是,开始和司机套近乎,建立一些信任,总归是好的!唉,一个人出来就是这点不好!5点15到机场,飞机搞到6点半才起飞, 半小时到LUKLA。今天的行程是要从LUKLA到Phakding。[ ]([]
终于下决心开贴了,这次旅行回来已经一年多了,最近事情比较多,自己也对码字很头疼,今天浏览一番去年的旅游照片,再不写点东西,有些事情的细节可能就会遗忘了。 喜欢旅游的人,对欧洲是很向往的,10多年之前已经去过二次,一次是单位的福利,走马观花的15天10多个国家,稀里糊涂的就结束了旅行。第二次是陪老妈跟旅行团去的,摆脱不了上车睡觉,下车尿尿,景区拍照,回来啥也不知道的结局。现在岁数大了,有时间国内国外的到处走走看看,这几年也走过不少地方,感觉欧洲还是值得再次深度旅游。 要想玩的好,那绝对不能跟旅游团,自己去的话,行程安排就是个头疼的事情,欧洲那么大,几乎每个角落都有可看可玩的地方,放弃任何地方都是可惜的事,一次玩遍欧洲的话,是件很费力的大事。对着地图研究了很长时间,分两次玩遍欧洲是最好的选择,一次是从最南边的土耳其开始,一路北下,贯穿欧洲到最北边的北极圈。一次是以欧洲中部为主由东到西的环游,每次时间计划在60天左右。 游遍欧洲的旅游计划行程确定好了,让老婆选择先行路线,最后确定先走环游欧洲路线,交通工具是在德国法兰克福租车自驾。 路线确定下来,下面就是证买机票订旅店和租车,这些事情,有很多贴写的很详细,我就不再啰嗦,值得重点说的是,我们去欧洲的机票是北京经俄罗斯中转到法兰克福,已经到了俄罗斯了,为何不办一个俄罗斯过境,顺道去俄罗斯玩一次。申请德证完成后,又成功申请了俄罗斯二次过境证,每次不超过72小时。最后的行程是这样的: 北京出发,法兰克福进出,飞机在莫斯科经停,顺路先去俄罗斯的圣彼得堡.然后到德国的法兰克福,在法兰克福租车,先去海德堡,维尔茨堡,走一段古堡之路,主要游览德国南部众多的古堡和小镇。随后到达布拉格,游玩东欧匈牙利,捷克,斯洛伐克三国。后进奥地利维也纳。再反走阿尔卑斯之路,沿途欣赏色彩浓郁的阿尔卑斯山风光,在起伏平缓的丘陵地带,峻峭的山峰、绿色的森林、古老的乡村、浪漫的山谷,还有迷人的”世界最美乡镇”之称的哈尔施塔特.随后再次进入德国,重温有浓郁色彩的德国小镇和德国巴伐利亚国王的几个皇宫。国王湖和天鹅堡是重点.紧接着就是期盼的瑞士风光,苏黎世进入瑞士,日内瓦出瑞士进入法国,去法国西南部的普罗旺斯看薰衣草,而后去法国著名海滨城市尼斯.沿途游览几个法国城市后直奔西班牙巴塞罗那,观赏马德里附近的几个古镇,流连在各个充满了伊斯兰和古罗马风味的特色城堡。最后去这次的最远端葡萄牙的里斯本。返程途中游览法国西北部海滨城市和卢瓦尔河谷。取道卢森堡到达科隆,走莱茵河谷经科布伦茨到美因茨后回到法兰克福还车。再飞到莫斯科玩2天,最后回北京。预计57天,自驾路线大约1万多公里。路线为:北京—莫斯科—圣彼得堡—莫斯科--法兰克福--海德堡--维尔茨堡--班贝格--纽伦堡--布拉格--布拉迪斯拉发--布达佩斯--维也纳--梅尔克修道院--哈尔施塔特湖--戈绍--萨尔茨堡—国王湖--阿尔卑巴赫—阿亨湖--瓦腾斯水晶--因斯布鲁克---米腾瓦尔德--加米施-帕腾基兴---上阿玛高--林德霍夫宫--普兰湖--菲森--新天鹅堡--列支敦士登--林道--圣加伦--施泰因--苏黎世--卢塞恩--龙疆湖--因特拉肯--劳特布龙嫩--米伦—图恩湖--施皮茨--伯尔尼--马特洪峰--西庸古堡--洛桑--莫尔日--日内瓦--阿纳西--阿维尼翁--薰衣草胜地瓦郎索勒—尼斯--戛纳--马赛--艾克斯--阿尔勒--阿格德--巴塞罗那--萨拉戈萨--马德里—塞哥维亚--阿维拉--托莱多--格拉纳达--科尔多瓦---塞维利亚--梅里达---里斯本--辛特拉--法蒂玛-萨拉曼卡--布尔戈斯--维多利亚--圣塞瓦斯蒂安海滨--比亚里茨--巴约讷---波尔多---图尔--枫丹白露宫--特鲁瓦--卢森堡--科隆--科布伦茨--美因茨--法兰克福—莫斯科—北京。圣彼得堡夏宫莫斯科红场普罗旺斯看薰衣草世界最美乡镇”之称的哈尔施塔特奥地利瑞士尼斯蔚蓝海滨法国卢瓦尔河谷城堡西班牙葡萄牙 有了行程单,证就很好办,住宿我们都是在BOOKING上提前订好,基本上没有变化。租车提前2个月预定,价格有优势。 这次旅行,两个人总花费包括证在内不到8万元人民币。 出门旅游最大的消费就是交通费,我们欧洲环游是自驾,做好行程后,在网上发帖寻找旅伴,有一对绍兴夫妇与我们一啪即合,同步的申请证与订住宿,四个人完成了整个行程,这样,自驾这部分租车费,汽油费,过路费,存车费等四人均摊,费用自然降下来。 住宿费排名第二,根据各自对住宿条件的喜好程度,费用也参差不齐。我们的住宿平均55欧,基本上是中下水平。 饭费也占相当大的比例,我们自带了电饭煲和电磁炉,大部分是自己做饭。在这么长时间总吃西餐人也会疯的。自己做一些顺口的食物,即能保证营养,费用也下降不少。早餐基本上是稀饭和自带的咸菜,再煎鸡蛋或煮鸡蛋,配面包。中餐基本是自带的面包加火腿和各种涂抹料,配牛奶和果汁与蔬菜。晚餐米饭,自做的一荤一素一汤。葡萄酒每晚一瓶是必不可少的节目,牛排,猪排,鸡,鱼是晚餐的主打菜。感觉与在国内自己做菜的费用相差不大,欧洲人在吃饭上是很便宜啊。简单贴一个我们这次旅行的路线图。从图中可以看出,我们的旅行路线基本上就是中世纪神圣罗马帝国的疆域。去一个地方旅游,应该简单了解一下这些地区的历史和人文及信仰。欧洲的历史比较复杂,但从神圣罗马帝国开始就简单的多。这个神圣罗马帝国与罗马凯撒大帝时期的罗马帝国完全是两码事。神圣罗马帝国全称为德意志民族神圣罗马帝国或日耳曼民族神圣罗马帝国,与962年建立,止于1806年。这是一个松散的政治联邦,由王国、大公国、公国、侯国、宗教贵族领地和帝国自由城市组成,他们承认皇帝为最高权威,但各个王国又独立自主。皇帝由七个选帝侯选举产生。这其实就是现在欧盟的鼻祖。帝国的疆域包括近代的德国、奥地利、匈牙利、捷克、斯洛伐克、荷兰、比利时、卢森堡,瑞士,西班牙,葡萄牙,法国东部、意大利北部和中部。帝国的发展历史也是各诸侯国争夺皇位的历史,从15世纪初起,皇位均由奥地利哈布斯堡家族占据,查理五世(1519~1558)是最具代表性的一位君主。他们的大本营是奥地利,匈牙利和捷克斯洛伐克。进入17世纪以后,普鲁士崛起,建立普鲁士王国,随之也就带来了争霸的战争。结局是奥地利哈布斯堡家族惨败。能与神圣罗马帝国相抗衡的只有高卢人,北欧,奥斯曼帝国和欧洲大陆之外的英国。拿破仑的出现打破了这个平衡,16个神圣罗马帝国的成员脱离帝国,加入拿破仑邦联。1806年拿破仑勒令神圣罗马帝国皇帝弗朗茨二世于8月6日放弃神圣罗马帝国皇帝尊号,仅保留奥地利皇帝称号。宣告神圣罗马帝国从此退出历史舞台。1815年,拿破仑战争结束,德意志邦国被并入组织松散的德意志邦联,由奥地利领导。普鲁士新国王威廉一世和卓越的政治家俾斯麦的出现,又一次打破僵局,铁血宰相俾斯麦领导的普鲁士与哈布斯堡家族领导的奥地利展开一场为争夺霸权的普奥战争。站在普鲁士方面的,有梅伦堡、奥尔登堡和北德意志的其他各邦,以及汉堡、不来梅和吕贝克3个自由市和意大利。站在奥地利方面的,有萨克森、汉诺威、巴伐利亚、巴登、符腾堡、黑森一加塞尔、黑森一达姆施塔德和德意志邦联的其他成员国。从大邦国的数量和人口、面积来说,奥地利方面占有优势。但是,从军事实力来说,普鲁士则显然强于对方。但结局是普鲁士大胜,1866年8月23日,奥地利完全退出旧的北德意志联邦。随后的普法战争,普鲁士打败法国,普王威廉一世登基为德国皇帝,德国成为欧陆最强的大国。到此,欧洲各国的格局基本形成。现行的欧盟是不是复辟了过去的神圣罗马帝国我们不得而知,但申根条约的实施却对欧洲大陆的旅游提供了方便。第一天,行程开始。北京机场与绍兴的旅友汇合,洲际航空UN8888 北京 - 莫斯科.起飞0040,到达.0440. 总时长8小时。我们都变成了追日的夸父,由于经纬度的变化,机窗外粉红的彩带一直伴随了我们飞行的大部分时间,这是不是就是传说的永不日落的晚霞? 准时到达莫斯科伏努科沃VKO机场,出关也很顺利。我们申请了俄罗斯过境证,机票就变为北京--莫斯科往返加莫斯科--法兰克福往返,在莫斯科中转不在同一个机场。今天我们要赶往圣彼得堡。 由于到达时间早,机场快线还没有开始,但第一班公交车611路刚好到达。语言不通,但手机里有莫斯科地铁的照片,拿给司机看,司机点头。莫斯科的公交车没有售票员,市民坐车基本都买公交卡,司机收了我们四人共100P,给一个卡。上车后,打卡才能通过类似公园大门的自动刷卡机进入车厢。来俄罗斯之前,也看过不少人写的游记,都说俄罗斯人粗野,警察也会找麻烦。在车上,小心翼翼的拿出提前打印好莫斯科地铁站名的纸片,与周围人询问下车的地方,还是有人会帮你,坐了将近一个小时,到站后,司机也喊我们该下车了。下公交车,坐红色地铁线去火车站。莫斯科的地铁致是一个红色大写的“M”字,下车后,远远就能看到。从莫斯科去圣彼得堡的火车站在莫斯科地铁红线的Комсомольской(中文叫共青团站)(红线跟环线的交叉站)站,这个站棕线上的站台很漂亮。 俄罗斯人大多数不会讲英语,去俄罗斯旅游,打印一些日常用语带在身边有很大的帮助。贴一些我找到的俄罗斯常用语。城市名字:1.莫斯科Москва 2.圣彼得堡Санкт-Петербург莫斯科景点:1.列宁墓 мавзолей ленина 2.圣瓦西里大教堂Храм Василия Блаженного 3.克林姆林宫Кремль 4.新圣女公墓Новодевичьекла69;дбище5.克里姆林宫Кремль6.红场 красная площадь 7.历史博物馆 Государственный Исторический музей 8.瓦西里升天大教堂 Храм Василия Блаженного9.地下商场Охотный ряд10广场манежная площадь 11.普希金造型艺术馆 Государственный музей изобразительных искусств им. А.С. Пушкина 12.大剧院Большой Театр (Bolishoi Teatr 13.跳蚤市场Вернисаж (Vernisaj ) 14.莫斯科大马戏团 Большой московский цирк 15.新圣女修道院Hоводевечий Монастырь 16特列季亚科夫画廊Государственная третьяковскаягалерея1.十月火车站МОСКВА ОКТЯБРЬСКАЯ 2.库尔斯克火车站МОСКВА КУРСКАЯ3.雅罗斯拉夫火车站 МОСКВА ЯРОСЛАВСКАЯ 4.白俄罗斯火车站МОСКВА БЕЛОРУССКАЯ 5.地铁共青团站Комсомольской 6.圣彼得堡主火车站САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГ-ГЛАВН.7.库尔斯克地铁站КУРСКАЯ 8.白俄罗斯地铁站БЕЛОРУССКАЯ9.起义广场地铁站Площадь Восстания10.游击队站(跳蚤市场)Партизанская 11.麻雀山站Воробьёвы горы12.大学站Университет 13.基督救世主教堂Храм ХристаСпасителя14.老阿尔巴特街Старая улица Арбат15.莫斯科的列宁格勒火车站: MOSKVA OKTYABR'SKAYA 16.全俄展览中心地铁站:ВДНХD.日常用语:1.地铁 метро2.入口 вход(夫货的) 3.出口 выход(威货的)4.售票处 касса5.票 билет 6.厕所 туалет(阿列特)7.谢谢 спасибо 8.对不起 извините9.火车站 вокзал;Железнодо10.公共汽车 автобус 11.退票 возврат билета.12.票数билет в Суздаль в13.时间 пожалуйста.14.银行банк(班克)15.注册就是暂住证регистрация 16.行李寄存处Камера хранения17.城际列车Пригородный поезд 18.直达谢尔盖耶夫的城际列车站Ярославский Вокзал 19.汽车站остановка 20.硬卧плацкарт, platzkart. 21.纯软卧那种мягкий22.软卧包厢купе(kupe)圣彼德堡景点: 1.彼得宫城(夏宫)Петродворец 2.普希金城(皇村)Царское Село3.巴甫洛夫斯克ПАВЛОВСК 4.克鲁泡特金地铁站Кропоткинская 5.叶卡捷琳娜宫ДворецЕкатерины 6.斯莫尔尼宫ДворецСмольный 7.滴血大教堂Спас на Крови 8.尤苏波夫宫Юсуповский дворец 9.彼得保罗要塞Петропавловская Крепость食物:1.红菜汤(罗宋汤).Борщ 2鱼子酱Икра 3.煎饼Блины 4.烤肉Шашлык 5.克瓦斯Квас 6.三文鱼семга 7.某种红鳟鱼форель 8.少盐的слабосоленный 9.烟熏的подкопченный 10.矿泉水негазированный出地铁站首先看到的建筑。 回头看是地铁出站口。 这里有3个火车站(喀山,亚罗斯拉夫,列宁格勒),我们当时也不知道那个是去圣彼得堡的火车站,拿着打印好的纸片问旁边的警察,警察很热心的指给我们看对面。我拿出相机拍对面的火车站,把警察摄入也没有引起他的不满意。谁说莫斯科警察不好惹? 我拍照时,一对年轻情侣过来主动要求拍照,并作出夸张的表情,与我们做友好的互动,霎时间,对莫斯科民众的那些不友好传说完全消失。 买票时得知,今天早晨去圣彼得堡的快速火车只有两趟车,现在已经没有票了,下午有一班车,只有几张剩票。赶紧掏钱买票。价格是真心贵。这就是我们不懂外文的弊病,如果能在国内提前在俄罗斯铁网上订票,不仅不会发生这样的事,价格还会便宜不少。 改变计划,先存包在火车站,在附近吃早饭,然后坐地铁去红场。 大街一角矗立着列宁的雕像。列宁是俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国(世界上第一个社会主义国家)的缔造者、布尔什维克党的创始人、十月革命的主要领导人、第一届苏维埃政府人民委员会主席。我在很小的时候就看过原苏联录制的描写列宁一生的电影----“列宁在1918”。如果没有列宁,苏联也可能会走向大部分欧洲皇家变革的君主立宪制。如果真是那样,世界的格局不知道要变成什么样子? 莫斯科地铁票已经涨价。单次票40P。20次票540P,进入后,可以随意转车,也可以多人使用一张卡。 贴一张莫斯科地铁图和红场周围景点图。 莫斯科地铁车厢太落伍了,没有空调,上边有个小窗户开着,跑起来后声音震耳欲聋,倒是可以吹点凉风进来。中国中车可以打进俄罗斯市场,提供些现代化的车厢了。 车厢不怎么样,但地铁站太值好好看看了,索科尔站的苍穹顶、斯摩棱斯克站的圆柱式大厅、基辅站的巨大拱门大厅和巨型壁画(以十月革命为主)、白俄罗斯站的英雄群雕、诺沃斯洛波德站的民族风格壁画、普希金站诗一般的圣洁、高尔基站(现改名为特维尔站)的神韵,以及最美丽的被誉为“20世纪建筑艺术精品”的马雅可夫斯基站..... 坐地铁来到红场(Okhotnt ryad,红线,绿线,蓝线的交叉站)。红场的意思是“美丽的广场”,“红色”在俄语里包含“美丽”的意思。地面全部由条石铺成,既独特又显得古老而神圣。红场是莫斯科人的骄傲,它是莫斯科的中心广场,见证了莫斯科的历史变化。首先来到二战英雄朱可夫骑马的雕像前,他身后是国家历史博物馆。我们只有上午的一点时间,只能走马观花看看红场的外景了。 朱可夫骑马雕像的右前方是国家杜马。 国家博物馆的右边,在俄罗斯式的凯旋门前有一个蓝顶绿墙的小教堂,教堂门口有人围着的地上有个铜的圆环,这个就是莫斯科的市中心的志,站上去扔个硬币吧,据说是可以带来好运。([]
Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享,俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦,俺先来个免责声明:1。杨同学不认识俺,也没有授权俺,如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止;2。俺没有商业目的,译版版权归杨同学,俺啥也不要,也不承担法律责任;3。没有杨同学授权,不敢擅自发在国外网站,发在原帖处,荣誉归8264;4。俺英语水平有限,欢迎指正,欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分,不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦,希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子,原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co, where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30), 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
注:为便于浏览,请点击下方的“只看该作者”。(恭喜此帖在“新年贺岁帖”评比活动中荣获一等奖)上篇:寻龙记 我常被一个问所困扰:对于人类的信仰,是真实存在的?还是虚无缥缈的?有人信奉如来观音弥勒佛;有人信奉上帝耶稣玛利亚;有人信奉狐仙关公灶王爷,有人信奉安拉胡大信天使。这些,到底哪个才是正根儿呢?要说无神论,那许多的灵异事件和民间巫术,却又为什么不能用科学来解释呢? 相信很多人都曾遇到过类似的事:一些善良诚实的老人或者山民,一辈子都没说过谎话,但却誓言旦旦的说他们遇到过不可思议的东西。对此,我一直抱着怀疑的态度,而上次的鬼宅探秘,发生了让人难以置信的灵异事件,更激发了我探索未知的欲望!我和娟子的探险系列:业余选手三探雨扇洞: https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1872892-1-1.html疯狂情侣再入深山冒险——探寻地狱中的宫殿。附多种洞穴生物!(毒帖,切勿模仿):https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1895956-1-1.html一路上有你,凶险的探寻之旅我没有一丝恐惧(孤岛烟儿炮鬼吹灯+鬼宅探秘)贺岁帖 :https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1988167-1-1.html我很喜欢在闲暇时间查阅一些神秘的地方和事件,如果有机会,我和娟子两人必要一探究竟。很久前就曾在网上看过两条这样的信息: 这两个帖子,有时间地点人物事件经过,而且还有很多目击者,不容得人不信。我去过很多农村,从东北到江南,无一例外,都有龙的传说。而且还有很多人自称亲眼见过。 龙,在中国传统文化中是权势、高贵、尊荣的象征,又是力量和无敌的志。 而在西方文化中,龙是一种凶暴的怪兽生巨翅,披鳞甲,有利爪,头小腹大,形象狰狞、丑陋;有飞翔、喷火、守财、护宝、破坏、吃人等习性;寓意天人对立,主要象征争战、灾难、恐怖;少有正面形象,主要象征邪恶。 无论是中国龙,还是西方龙,虽然都有很多目击者,但却无有一丝证据。这种神秘的巨兽是否真的存在,谁也解答不了。有幸,湖北赤壁的好友,约请我和娟子去做客,正好借此机会,我俩可以去探一探这个恐怖的洞穴。 我和娟子从相识到相知,四年半的光阴岁月,无数次的化险为夷,让我俩的感情愈加牢固,也让我俩开了眼界,长了见识,学到了很多在理论中学不到的东西。一个女汉子+一个男屌丝,两人连年的在草高林密的崇山峻岭中探险,光凭胆识远远不够,更多的是需要经验和运气。 在这里,我给亲爱的驴友们一点提示:户外运动风险级别高的,尽量不要轻易挑战。如果喜欢探洞,可以选择一些已经探明而且难度不大的洞穴,在探洞之前,多学习一些和洞穴有关的知识,装备很重要,最好有向导,至少三人以上团队,洞口有接应人员。我和娟子虽然也懂这些,但克制不住内心冒险的欲望,虽然积累了一点探洞经验,但像我俩这样,风险系数还是很大,所以请大家以我俩为戒,切勿效仿! 唉!每个帖子前面,都啰哩啰唆一大堆,继续下去没个头,赶紧转入正。 2013与2014的交接之日,我和娟子来到了位于湖北省赤壁市中伙铺镇一个叫莲花塘的小山村。好友的家依山傍水,风景秀丽。晚上吃饭的时候,好友叮嘱我俩说,天黑以后不能再出门,山里有不干净的东西,容易迷人。一切都入乡随俗吧,当晚听了好友的劝告,又详细的询问了去往纸棚郑家的路线,画好地图,就休息了。 第二天一大早,借了好友家的一辆摩托车,我和娟子就出发了。没想到山里的雾气这么大,能见度只有不足十米,只能慢慢的摸索前行。 途中摔倒在一滩烂泥中,苦了娟子,从摩托车后座上掉下去,腿都跪到了泥里。我还好,腿长站住了哈哈。 幸亏我和娟子两人穿的都是滑雪裤,防风防水效果很好。找到了一条小河,用湿毛巾擦了半天,就恢复如初了。 路上没有行人,沿途的几个小山村也几乎见不到人影。想打听一下路真是困难。终于在这个房子前看到了一个中年人,向他问路,他还不会说普通话,费了好大的劲儿,我才知道那个神秘的洞穴就在后面的山中。 太阳出来了,慢慢驱散了浓雾。这里也是典型的喀斯特地貌,弃车徒步,山里的轮廓依稀可辨。虽然山路难行,但正好运动一下,身上也能暖和暖和。 又见到一个砍柴的山民,再次询问了一下,确定了方位,终于在半山腰一片杂草丛中看到了洞口! 我和娟子奋力爬了上去,向黑漆漆的洞里观察,里面寂静无声。这个神秘而又恐怖的洞穴,会有什么等待我俩呢?进洞之前,我问娟子怕不怕,女汉子依旧坚定的摇头。简单准备了一下照明工具及绳索,深吸几口气,我俩就小心的踏入洞穴。 户外运动在大多数人的眼中是高山、白云、绿地、丛林……的代名词,是一项充满了阳光、鸟语、花香、活力与激情的运动。然而探洞者却用一种另类的玩法诠释户外运动,向我们展示了坚忍不拔、勇于探索的户外精神。我和娟子属于业余选手,装备和人员配备的不足,都足以致命。每次探洞,我俩都只能依靠经验和洞穴知识来保护自己,尽量的预见危险,躲避危险。这片未知的领域中,对我俩充满了诱惑,这些是很多人不能体验到的。 娟子戴的摩托车头盔是半覆式的,视线开阔。 而我戴的摩托车头盔,是全覆式的,眼睛只能看到正前方,但上下左右的视线都被遮挡,所以只能把头盔扔在洞外了。一切加倍小心吧,免得撞个头破血流。 脚下虽不平坦,但也可以勉强行进。在强光手电的光柱照射下,前面除了黑,就是一片雾茫茫。我不知道洞穴中哪个方位是东南角,不过还是按照鬼吹灯的老规矩,点燃一支蜡烛。仔细观察,火苗没有变化,燃烧正常,证明洞穴内的空气流通较好。然后收了蜡烛,绷紧神经,高度集中注意力,继续向深处走去。 沿途的洞道,还算宽阔。脑海里不禁想起人们所说这个洞穴中的两条巨龙,心里也有一丝忐忑。在洞口的时候,我就问过娟子:“如果真的遇到了龙,怎么办?” 女汉子轻描淡写的回答说:“那就认命吧!” 是啊,要是真的遇到了,除了认命,还有别的可以选择吗? 洞内的雾气明显比外面的雾气还要浓,湿度也很大,这是由于洞内外巨大的温差造成的。如果继续深入,雾气就会逐渐消失。洞腔上布满了密密麻麻的正在发育的鹅管,饱含碳酸钙的水,一滴一滴落下来,给这寂静黑暗的世界带来了一丝生机。 洞道一直向下延伸,从钙华的发育生长来看,没有人类破坏的迹象,这一点让我和娟子非常欣慰。应该是恐怖的传说,洞穴才能得以保存完好。 我俩也非常小心,除了脚印,尽量不给洞穴留下任何痕迹。 沿途的支洞,有大有小,有深有浅,我俩只是简单看一眼,就继续顺着主通道前行。我和娟子在探洞方面,积累了一点经验,如果不是特别相似的岔路,一般不做记。 在进入洞穴大概三四百米处,我突然发现有绿色植物!不可能啊!没有一丝光线的洞穴中,怎么会有绿色植物呢? 我蹲下身,仔细观察,认出这是几株菖蒲。菖蒲,为多年水生草本植物,该物种为中国植物图谱数据库收录的有毒植物,其毒性为全株有毒,根茎毒性较大。口服多量时会产生强烈的幻视。呵呵,鬼吹灯第一部——精绝古城中的尸香魔芋我没发现,却在这洞里发现了菖蒲,毕竟这两种植物,都有相似之处啊。 我和娟子曾在洞穴最深处,发现过透明植物,无枝叶,却开花。所以说,每次的探险,都能有新的发现,都能学到新的知识,这也是我俩热衷于此的原因。 就在距离这几株菖蒲不远处,又发现了一根动物的腿骨!很粗很大,不是人类的,应该是牛马之类的动物骨骸。其实在洞穴中发现这种东西并不稀奇,但这个洞穴既然有巨蟒的传闻,就不禁让人紧张了。由于我的相机,刚进洞的时候,镜头上了一层雾,拍照不是很清楚,所以我打算回来的时候再拍这根腿骨,可惜的是,回来的时候竟然忘了,遗憾啊! 继续向前走吧。眼前的雾气逐渐消退,视线变的清晰起来。我再次点燃蜡烛,火苗依旧没有变化。巨大的钟乳石开始出现,钙华发育多种多样,这让我和娟子很高兴。 这里出现了第一个洞厅,面积大概有近百平方。洞穴一般由狭窄的通道和宽敞的洞厅组成。大厅往往是几条通道相会的地方,且乱石密布。从通道进大厅容易,从大厅找通道口难。所以,当从一条狭窄的通道进入一个宽敞的洞厅时,一般都要在入口处作好反光路。不过这个洞厅的支洞在洞穴上方,所以我也没有必要做记了。 在神秘的洞中穿行,总是有独特的异景。 有活矫捷现的钟乳石,有各类的石笋石花色如白玉,质如凝脂;有壮美的洞窟瀑布,有神秘的洞中湖、洞中泉,雾气弥漫有如仙境。置身在这神奇的世界中,会使人忘了危险的存在。 一只纯黑色的,巨大的蝙蝠,孤单单的悬吊在洞壁边。我和娟子在三探雨扇洞的时候,曾遭到一只巨大蝙蝠的攻击,那只蝙蝠展开双翼能达到近一米!娟子眼疾手快的抢拍下来了。 这只蝙蝠的个头也不小,身长大概二十多厘米,如果张开翅膀,也会很惊人!平时我和 娟子探洞所见的蝙蝠都是灰色的果蝠,而这只蝙蝠明显不同于其他果蝠,应该属于食肉蝠。我慢慢靠近它,打开闪光灯近摄了一张,还好没惊动它,蝙蝠所携带的狂犬病毒可不是闹着玩儿的! 探洞的危险性,主要表现在地下水暴涨、毒气、迷路、野外动物以及洞顶落石等,所以,每一次探洞,都需要做足安全保障。同时探洞是技术性很强的活动,是对体能、技巧、经验等各方面最全面的体现,洞穴探险不像登山运动那样有终点目,甚至不知道等在旅途前面的是惊人的发现,还是艰难的挑战,这种未知性就是洞穴探险的最大魅力。洞穴探险可以分为两种:即水洞探险和干洞探险。 水洞的探险:水洞,是指洞内有常年地下水流的岩溶洞穴。水洞中探险有两种。一种是在地下廊道里有自由水面。一种情况是洞道没顶,全部充水或倒缸吸管。 干洞的探险:干洞是脱离了自由水面的化石洞,发育在地势较高的地方,发育的历史较长,洞内往往被各种多彩多姿的钟乳石所装饰。 目前我和娟子还不能确定这个洞穴到底属于哪一种类型,不过这个洞穴系统还是比较复杂。([]
早已不记得上一次写游记是何时了,因为懒因为没有文字功底因为麻烦因为一切。。。这次出发之前就决定了无论如何要写,多年后以便翻看。我不会华丽的润色,只有直白的叙事,图片也是原图,未加修饰,所以各位就凑合着看吧。 一年里,假期,是我日夜期盼的日子。用一段短暂自由的时光进行一次异地或是异域的旅行,到陌生的环境去体验新的生活,经历更多以认识更好的自己。崔健在“假行僧”里说,“我要从南走到北,我还要从白走到黑,我要人们看到我但不知道我是谁”。今年继续西行,再次进藏,旨在阿里。阿里转山,说实话,我对自己很没把握,体力和意志早已被长期的城市生活消磨殆尽,可是我,想去。拜此次出行所赐,结识了一帮损友,茉莉和无泪费心做好了路书,我们明目张胆的享受,嘻嘻。。。初见时的拘束,离别时的拥抱和泪水,伴随着欢笑和喜悦,真实的风景真实的自己和他人,只有经历过才能成为回忆。远游异乡,一路上吃过糌粑,啃过羊肉,饮过酥油茶,穿过荒凉藏北,曾在冈仁波齐经历恶劣的气候,也曾触摸过古格历史的沧桑。八千里路云和月,我们一起看过美丽的风景,流连于每一个美妙的措畔,迷失在路上短暂的光阴里。旅行的美妙,不在于我们去到了哪些名胜古迹,而是能有一段飘泊的时间,随心所欲的到处走走,无所事事的发呆,或是在小巷子里迷路,看看当地居民为什么事而幸福快乐,让我们从一个自己呆腻了的地方,到一个别人呆腻了的地方,离开熟悉的环境去探索陌生的风景。西藏,是一个梦,我们既是逐梦人,也是造梦者。带着新鲜的记忆,且让我用普通的相机和笨拙的手法,粗糙但真实的记录下其中的一些片段,让朋友们透过我的眼睛看我看过的风景,也为了我忘却的纪念。 和伙伴们约好了7月12日拉萨出发,至于怎么到拉萨,大家就各显神通了,我早了几天到拉萨,混迹拉萨街头,因为之前就到过西藏,所以这几天过得格外颓废,不是在茶馆里喝甜茶,就是在书店里懒散的写下几张明信片或是早起跟着人潮涌动的转经队伍围着布达拉宫转动经筒,多少个晨昏,我坐在大昭寺门前的台阶上,看着那些虔诚的身影,聆听他们的身体和大地碰撞的声音 拉萨之于藏民来说就如同麦加之于伊斯兰教一样,是朝圣者们的终极目的地。拉萨那作为圣城的浓重的宗教气息,朝圣者们围着布达拉宫围着大昭寺转经,磕着数量惊人的长头,经年累月,寒暑往来,虔诚不改。大昭寺门前的青石板经无数人的匍匐,早已被磨得光滑。而那些来自青海云南四川的虔诚信徒们,他们带上家里的所有来到这里,穷尽毕生所有奉献给菩萨,以求得到来世的解脱和幸福。拉萨就是这么一座奇怪的城市,至今依然如此奇怪,世俗与神圣搅在一起,美丽与丑陋搅在一起,你只有无数的新奇与诧异,它有时会让你喘不过气来,有时又会让你屏住呼吸。 7月9日,西藏博物馆,如同内地的其他博物馆一样,馆内一样收藏了许多的石器和陶瓷制品,关于这些我就不再详加赘述,这里是西藏,我就捡些和西藏有关的说说好了。这颗金印是康熙五十二年时册封五世达赖罗桑益西为“臣额尔德尼”时所赐之金印。五世达赖对于当时的政局稳定起到了很大的作用,他坚持和睦团结,,人们都称他为“伟大的五世”。早在很久之前,藏传佛教就随着当时吐蕃的军事,政治的极大扩张而兴盛起来了,吐蕃的赞普让家中的长子出家为僧以示对佛教的尊崇,更让佛教徒参与政事,以至于之后西藏形成了政教合一的政治格局,这才有了六世达赖仓央嘉措的悲剧。那个被政治牺牲的年轻的生命和他那小心翼翼的无处安放的爱情。贝叶经,原产于印度,巴基斯坦,克什米尔等地,是用金汁或是银汁书写在一种叫作贝加罗树叶上的珍贵的佛教经典。由于战争,许多的经书都遭到了毁坏,而西藏由于兴佛而引进了很多的佛教经典,当然也包括了贝叶经,因此避过战乱而得以保存。所以现在是贝叶经保存最多的地方,贝叶经存于西藏的布达拉宫,博物馆和哲蚌寺。这个面具是跳藏戏时所佩戴的格萨尔王面具。<格萨尔王传>是一部藏族长篇英雄史诗,藏族的民间文学巨著。它讲述了格萨尔王一生为藏民降妖伏魔,除暴安良,南征北战,统一了各个部落,大到老人小到孩童多少都知道一些格萨尔王的故事,现在在那曲的一些茶馆里仍然还有着民间艺人们在唱着格萨尔史诗,每一个艺人们所知道的有关格萨尔的故事都不一样,每一个老人们也都有自己喜欢的说唱艺人。 唐卡,意为可移动的佛像,藏族人民对佛教的尊崇是我们无法想象的,由于早期游牧民族的特殊性,他们不可能守着一片草地从春吃到冬,当草场没草时他们就会拆下帐篷,赶着牛羊去寻找下一块水草丰美的住所,周而复始,这样就导致了他们不可能每到一个地方就建一座寺庙来崇拜,于是他们就把佛像画在了布上,这样当他们迁徙时就可以把佛像卷起来带走,这样无论走到哪里都不会影响藏民的礼佛。唐卡上的颜色来自于各种珍贵的宝石,蓝色的蓝松石,绿色的绿松石,黄色的黄金,白色的珍珠,也正是因为这些名贵的石头,再加上制作唐卡时的繁复与费时,所以唐卡的价格是昂贵的。画匠们将那些名贵的石头磨成细细的粉末,再加上牛胆等物质,按照一定的配比配制而成,永不褪色。通常唐卡的绘制,画匠们将画板的顶端牵一根绳悬挂于屋顶,自己则盘腿坐在低矮的凳子上,画板的下沿搁在自己盘起的双腿上,画底稿,一层一层的着色,勾线,最后点上佛的眼睛,画匠们说,最初师傅会自己亲自给佛像点上眼睛,只有当徒弟们的技法十分纯熟了,师傅才会放心让徒弟们独自完成最后的步骤。今晚记流水账。。。7月9日,10日,11日伙伴们的陆续抵达,我结束了独自游荡的日子,这几天我们在拉萨的街头厮混中彼此熟悉,从网络的想象到生活的真实。相约清晨去药王山拍布达拉宫的日出,清早的西藏寒冷异常,风呼呼的吹,到得太早,药王山的小门要到7点才开,我们几个徘徊在山脚下,找寻着避风的所在,徒劳无功。开门的人姗姗来迟,赶紧爬上去各自占据了有利地形,又在寒风中等待。。。唉,这个早上算是白来了,没有日出,只有寒风,冷。我放弃了,下到门口收钱的师傅的小房子里避风,门口的师傅很乐意我帮他看看大门,嘻嘻。。。半小时后,伙伴们也放弃了,找了一茶馆,吃一顿藏式的早餐,酥油茶加藏面,说实话,藏面真是有够难吃的,面条很粗,由于高原气压的缘故,面条很难被煮透煮软,咬起来有点硬,面汤倒是很不错呢,好喝。早餐之后,秋,无泪和我去布宫帮别的队友排队拿布达拉宫的预约券,上布达拉宫需要提前一天拿身份证到布宫的侧门领取预约券,第二天再凭着预约券上预约的时间到布宫参观。娃娃和开水则回去与球会合办理尼泊尔的证,各自行动。感谢无泪下午陪我去办理那麻烦的边防证日出前的布宫,漆黑一片,达赖不在,到底谁在里边住呢?住在这里该是多少喇嘛的愿望啊?好奇啊,实在是好奇难吃的藏面,好喝的面汤,还行的酥油茶今晚记流水账。。。7月9日,10日11日伙伴们陆续抵达,我结束独自游荡的日子,这几天我们在拉萨的街头厮混中彼此熟悉,从网络的想象到生活的真实。10日,相约去拍药王山的日出,清晨的西藏寒冷异常,风呼呼的吹,药王山的小门要到7点才开,到得太早,我们徘徊在山脚下,找寻避风的所在,徒劳无功。开门的人终于姗姗来迟,赶紧爬上去,各自占据有利地形,摆开架势,之后又是无尽的等待。唉,这天算是白来了,没有日出,只有寒风,冷。我放弃了,下到山下的买票小屋去避风,顺便再帮看门的师傅收收门票,嘻嘻。。。半小时后,伙伴们也放弃了,寻一茶馆,吃一顿藏式的早餐,酥油茶加藏面。说实话,那藏面真是有够难吃的,面条很粗,由于高原气压的缘故,面条很难被煮透煮软,咬起来有点硬硬的,面条不咋地,面汤倒还不错,好喝。早餐之后,秋,无泪和我去布宫排队帮队友拿布宫的预约券,上布宫需要提前一天拿身份证到布宫的侧门领取预约券,第二天再凭预约券到布宫购票参观。娃娃和开水则回去和球会合去办理尼泊尔的证,各自行动。感谢无泪下午陪我去办理边防证没有日出的日出前的布宫,漆黑一片。达赖不在,是谁住在里面呢?住在这里该是多少喇嘛的愿望啊?好奇啊,实在是好奇!!难吃的藏面,好喝的面汤,还行的酥油茶12日要开始阿里之行了,我是否该先把我们的线路报告一下呢?此次的线路是茉莉姐姐和无泪费尽心思做出来的,茉莉姐姐和无泪弄好一切琐碎,我们只管享受,(*^__^*) 嘻嘻…… 那我就先把路书贴出来好了,此次反走阿里,纳木错进,日喀则出,很特别呢DAY1:拉萨——纳木措——班戈DAY2:班戈——尼玛DAY3:尼玛——文布北村——文布南村DAY4:文布南村——措勤DAY5:措勤——帕江——仁多DAY6:仁多——亚热——普兰DAY7:普兰——塔钦,转山第一天DAY8:转山第二天DAY9:塔钦——扎达DAY10:扎达——仲巴——萨嘎DAY11:萨嘎——吉隆DAY12:吉隆——老定日DAY13:老定日——珠峰DAY14:珠峰——日喀则DAY15:日喀则——拉萨第二天我们本来定的是到文布南村的,后来因为我们在辽阔的草原里迷路了,天色又太晚,我们只好又返回到中午路过的县城尼玛,双湖的行程也因路况不妙而遗憾的放弃了。西行阿里,走在朝圣的路上,不安,兴奋与紧张,许多的地方仍是无人区,既无公路也无食宿,人类的足迹尚未踏足这片土地。那是生命的禁区,它拒绝了人类生命的呈现。可是,野生动物却是阿里草原上最为自由的精灵,它们肆意的奔跑在草原上,与风与云与草做伴。阿里恶劣的气候,清贫的生活,却因信仰的强大力量而丰富,人们虔诚的转山,令人动容。当然还有那一路上的各种措,纳木措,色林措,扎日南木措,当惹雍错,玛旁雍错。。。都是阿里的措,我们只能一措再措,将措就措。阿里的山,阿里的云,阿里的风,阿里的阿里,就让山林原野收留我们的梦想,带我们去远方。7月12日出发喽!一行11人,3辆车。在去往班戈的路上,路过一个小村子,当地的村民正在过一个叫”望果节“的节日,据我们的藏族师傅说,这个节日没有固定的日子,是根据青稞的成熟时间来定的,在青稞成熟之前,人们用这种方式以祈求粮食的丰收。纳木措是我们遇到的第一个措,兴奋自是无需言表。纳木措与羊卓雍错,玛旁雍错并称为西藏的三大圣湖。纳木措湖面海拨4800米,湖水清澈,它的形成和发育受地质构造控制,是经由喜马拉雅凹陷而成,现今湖水仍在不断的退缩,至今湖周围留有曾经的古湖岸线。下车就是一通狂拍,快门咔咔的响。因为反走阿里,我们来到的不是通常游客去的那一片湖畔,那里满满的全是游人,人头攒动,满满的全是商业。这一片湖畔,除了我们,没有别人。大家在湖边拗着各种造型,跳跃的,武打的,文艺的。。。总之就是怎么疯狂怎么来 自拍是必须滴,拗造型也是要滴 7月13日,班戈——尼玛 今天我们真正的进入藏北草原,都知道阿里的野生动物多,可真正看到时还是难掩激动!在电视上书籍上听到很多关于藏羚羊的话语,可那都很遥远,初见在原野上悠闲吃草的藏羚羊,哇!那个激动啊!嘴里叫着“师傅师傅,快停车快停车!”一边急急的摇下车窗,拿起相机就拍,可那精灵也实在警觉,我们还在远远的,它就已经被吓跑了藏北高原,荒无人烟,平均海拔都在5000以上,严酷的环境,恶劣的气候,是人类生命的禁区,却是野生动物们的天堂。因为这些可爱的生灵,阿里不是寂静无声的荒原,它充满了生命的律动。曾见识过新疆大地无边无尽的荒野戈壁,那个无助让人绝望,满眼尽是黄色的沙,没有水没有草,天上没有飞鸟,地上没有走兽,怎么远望,看到的都和脚下的一样,茫茫一片。与新疆的茫茫戈壁不同,阿里的天地是那样的宽广,生命是那样的鲜活。藏野驴,藏羚羊,野牦牛,旱獭,野兔。。。在无尽的草原,艰难的生存者,每一个渺小的生命都充满了生的渴望。这也许就是阿里的美之所在吧! 有一个措,是色林措吗?还是措愕??不知道,就连我们的藏族师傅都吃不准,不管了,反正是阿里的措 往阿里没有路,因为处处都是路,只要你愿意,车怎么开都行。所谓的路,不过是车轮在石头上压出的印痕而已。一路上,这样的情景不断的被重复,仿佛你真的在天堂,又似乎踏上了火星远处倾盆大雨,我们这儿却是阳光普照 措措措,今天的第二个措,唉,还是不知道名字 午餐喽,阿里,别说是餐厅了,能看到人就不错了,通常我们在茫茫草原上走一天都看不到人,这为我们接下来的迷路带来了大麻烦。出发之前,超市的大采购,就是我们每天的午餐厨房,要什么有什么,要什么没什么;P 没有餐厅,满草原随便坐,包场用餐。席地而坐,胡乱的吃,开心的说笑,糌粑配咸菜也一样美味 荒凉,只有云团在飞 白天方便来方便去,晚上我们可就不方便喽。完蛋了,迷路啦!!!!!原定今天的目的地是要到达文布南村的,120公里的路程,出发之前,师傅说4,5个小时能到了。到了天黑,居然还没看到哪怕一点点的村庄的影子。要知道,西藏的天可是要到晚上10点才会黑呢!不得不承认,我们迷路了,这回真的成了原野上的藏野驴了,迷失在旷野里。藏北高原,荒无人烟,由于没有路,也最易迷失方向,无边无际的无人区,若是走不出去,危险是显然的。想问路,对不起,不行。在这里,即便是你懂十种语言也无济于事,根本就没人让你问,城市里万能的手机也早就在进入草原后变成了一堆废铁。虽然我们带着食物和睡袋,可阿里夜晚的危险和寒冷是我们无法想象的。通过和师傅们协商,我们决定回到中午路过的一个叫尼玛的小县城。 夕阳下坠到了地平线之下,大地即将沉入黑暗,而我们还将被这片黑暗包围。天空上演着晚霞变幻莫测的剧目,时间因这昼夜的交替,每一秒都让人感动 远处的地平线下,放射出一片神秘的光,让人百思不得其解,阿里之美,只这一刻,足以打动。([]
【温馨提示】为方便朋友们浏览,我将泰国、新加坡、马来西亚之旅,分别在【走出国门】进行了专发布。这是第三个帖子——马来西亚(Malayxia)印象。与外国友人在一起第一次:更新至第08—13页第074—128楼;第二次:更新至第14—20页第140—197楼;第三次:更新至第21—24页第203—236楼;第四次:更新至第28—33页第278—328楼;第五次:更新至第40—43页第399—428楼;第六次:更新至第48—54页第472—531楼;第七次:更新至第54—62页第538—617楼;第八次:更新至第62—67页第618—667楼。马来西亚【Malayxia】印象,全部内容到此已更新完毕,对朋友们的热情鼓励与大力支持,再次表示感谢! 马来西亚——中文名称叫“马来西亚联邦”,英文名称为“Malayxia”,简称是“大马”, 是东南亚的国家之一,也是东南亚国家联盟的创始国之一。 政治体制为“议会制君主立宪制”,国歌是《我的国家》,国家代码是“MAL”,国际电话区号是“+60”,国际域名缩写为“.my”;首都:吉隆坡;政治中心位于布城;主要城市是马六甲和新山;官方语言为马来语,英语为通用语言和函电语言,其它还有汉语、泰米尔语和一些部族语言; 道路通行法规为靠左行驶; 马来西亚货币为令吉。 1957年8月31日独立。是一个由十三州和三个联邦直辖区组成的联邦体制国家,面积有329847平方公里。 马来西亚时区在UTC+8,共分两大部分,中间有南中国海相隔:一部分是位于马来半岛的西马来西亚,北接泰国,南部与柔佛海峡相隔;另一部分是东马来西亚,位于婆罗洲岛上的北部。人口为2756万,密度为83.57人/平方公里(2010年);国土面积为33万平方公里,水域率0.3%;GDP总计4420美元,人均15384美元(2010年)。 主要民族有马来人、华人、印度人,整个国家的男女比例,严重失调,男多女少,达到了12:1,因此,居住在马来西亚的男性华侨多要娶当地女子为妻,所生的子女被称为“峇峇(马来语译音,读为BaBa)”,所生的女儿则叫作“娘惹”。主要宗教有伊斯兰教、佛教、道教、印度教。 马来西亚的旅游资源十分丰富,阳光充足,气候宜人,拥有很多高质量的海滩、奇特的海岛、原始热带丛林、珍贵的动植物、千姿百态的洞穴、古老的民俗民风、悠久的历史文化遗迹以及现代化的都市。 马来西亚因位于赤道附近,属于热带雨林海洋性气候,无明显的四季之分,一年之中的温差变化极小,平均温度在26—29℃之间,全年雨量充沛,10—12月是雨季。 在马来西亚旅游,基本上全年都适宜。白天虽然炎热,但是午后有阵雨,晚上会有季风吹拂,十分凉爽。 尤其是北部的槟榔屿,早晚气候适宜,凉风不断。 在马来西亚东部及东海岸,11月至次年3月是雨季,4—5月和10月比较炎热,应尽量避开这段时间。西部年平均降雨量为2000—2500毫米,东部则在3000毫米以上。6—7月降雨量最少,8—9月和10—12月降雨量最多。 如果有商务活动,最好放在每年的3月至11月,因为大多数马来西亚商人于12月到次年2月休假。圣诞节及复活节前后一周不宜前往,同时也应避开穆斯林的斋月和华裔人的新年。 了解马来西亚的旅游,也要了解马来西亚的历史: "二战"后,英国将槟榔屿等9个马来土邦合并为马来联邦,将新加坡作为英国独立的殖民地。 1957年马来联邦独立,1963年马来联邦同新加坡、沙捞越、沙巴合并组成马来西亚。 1965年新加坡退出,形成了现在的马来西亚。 了解马来西亚的历史,更要了解马来西亚的习俗: 马来西亚法律规定,马来人均为穆斯林,因此,马来西亚人不吃猪肉、不吃各种动物的血液和自然死亡的动物。 马来人不吸烟。拿东西时用右手,认为左手不洁,吃饭时用右手抓食,只有在西式宴会及高级餐馆才用刀叉与匙进餐。 马来人忌讳摸头及背部,不能用食指指人;遇见女士时,不能先伸出手要求握手。 如果到马来人家拜访,必须穿戴整齐,由于马来人的内厅也用来祈祷,因此,要将鞋脱在门外。 马来西亚的国教为伊斯兰教,游客在进入伊斯兰教经堂前必须脱鞋,同时注意着装,不可将手臂和双脚暴露在外。并且,不能从正在祷告的穆斯林面前经过,不得碰触《古兰经》。在寺庙内,未经许可,不准拍照。就这模样 我们在马来西亚,从早到晚,经常听到高音喇叭传出“念经”的声音,回荡在整座城市的上空;起初听到这个特别的声响时,多少还受到了点惊吓,后来才明白这是马来西亚的“风俗”。 2013年4月23日下午,结束新加坡的行程,旅游大巴将我们送到新加坡口岸通关,14点17分顺利进入了马来西亚国境,马来西亚旅游大巴已在等候我们。通关后,跨过大桥就走上了高速公路我们乘坐的马来西亚旅游大巴 我们一路高速,平稳行驶,沿路两侧风土人情,赏个没完,同车的游客酣睡如泥,而我却睁大了双眼,静静地欣赏着,同时时不时地抓拍着窗外的美景。宽敞舒适的旅游大巴高速公路上的志牌高速公路边的加油站高速公路两侧的景
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