苏碧绮 76215万字 11610人读过 连载
斐济,南太平洋上的群岛国家,靠近国际日期变更线。老婆一直想找个大一点的海岛走走,要有美丽的沙滩要有小城市转转,人又不能太拥挤,思来想去FIJI转几天吧,国人可能会少一些沙滩上人头也会少一点吧。 地点选好了,设计路线吧,南京出发,只有两条路线,上海--首尔--楠迪(大韩航空),南京--香港--楠迪(斐济航空)。我选择了斐济航空,因为价格稍微便宜一些,一人香港往返8300港币左右,斐济航空官网直接信用卡订票。 https//www.fijiairways.com/ 酒店呢,本来是在BOOKING上预订了HILTON的房间,后来在新浪微博上找到了@没有蛀牙的LEO,他是斐济蓝洋旅游服务公司的运营总监,人很好跟我介绍了游玩细节,通过他们公司预订客房要比网上订便宜,由于需要提前预先支付给他们公司2天的房费,我还特意去银行做了境外汇款,HILTON的一卧室海景套房313美元一天含早。最后我很喜欢这个套房,直接住了4天主岛,没有去外岛住。 废话不多说了,慢慢上图。乱拍:500W手机,1000W可下水的佳能卡片机,1000W的佳能入门单反南京出发,春秋航空飞香港,春秋是在是坐着痛苦,膝盖直接顶着前面椅背位置太小了,痛苦的2个小时。个子稍微高一点的真心不适合坐春秋。 搞不懂,最近天天有航空交通管制,莫名其妙延误一个半小时。到HK啦,排队入关,9转18弯人虽然多但是前行速度还是比较快的!香港人效率值得赞扬。斐济人就慢的要死。找到FIJI AIRWAYS换登机牌,之前为了找个好位置拍照,已经研究了空客A330的座位跟机翼的位置,在网上选择了座位。我们的飞机,很显眼的FIJI字样。餐食还不错,主食是鸡肉配土豆泥!FIJI在国际日期变更线边上,比北京时间早4个小时,斐济第二天早上7点半到就是北京时间3点半,再加上晚上坐着睡不着确实有点累。 斐济主岛维提岛,首都是右下角的苏瓦。飞机到楠迪机场,黄颜色的记是我们酒店的位置。放到一张海湾的卫星图,右边能看到楠迪机场,图片南边两条主干道相交的地方是楠迪市区,很小,比国内一个镇子还要小。西部的港湾就是酒店区,索菲特、威斯汀、喜来登、希尔顿,还有一家不晓得叫什么名字。港湾特写,右侧伸出去的半岛上排列整齐的白色房子就是我们住的 Fiji Beach Resort And Spa Managed By Hilton。下面会附上我在飞机上的航拍照。图片中内陆的港湾叫Denarau港口。五星级酒店区,跟 Denarau港口 伸出去半岛,拥有最长的沙滩!BULA~我们到啦! 这两天上传图片都有问。开始有热带的味道了!香蕉树、椰子树路边很多。我们住的酒店,前台很小但是很有特色。度假村最高的也就三层楼,很多房子就两层楼。我们的房间,楼上顶头第一间,阳台虽然没有躺椅但是有一个BBQ烧烤炉子,这个我喜欢!房间说是要下午3点才能拿到,存了包就往港口走。那有很多餐馆、游客中心、超市、商店。就酒店走过去也就15分钟。酒店对面也是海湾都是资本主义的别墅跟私人游艇!4个小时的时差,我一夜没怎么睡,赶紧找店吃点东西吧。港口遇到个东北厨子聊了好久,厨子打算回国发展了。就在他家吃吧,门头忘记拍照了,就拍了隔壁的店名因为比较特殊。港口貌似就这一家中餐店。BY THE WAY,港口用美元换斐济币比机场换要实惠。第一顿饭,点了只龙虾98,炒了个牛肉,加青菜。加小费总共130,折合人民币400多点。当地的素菜着实难吃,可能是水土问。我的阳台!第一天的夕阳起居室,拉门后面是卧室,卧室再里面还有个拉门是浴室,干湿分开并且淋雨跟浴缸都是分开的。([
最新章节: 第521章 世界欠我一个初恋妻子的浪漫旅行3 ( 2024-06-28 18:03:52)
更新时间: 2024-06-29 03:38:49
《序》 凌晨两点半,我躺在上海到拉萨的火车上, 此刻,我的心灵得到了彻底的放松.... 面对未知的前路,没有企图,没有欲望, 此刻,一个旅者在路上.....《去西藏》之攻略篇 西藏,很多人向往的地方,2011年9月有机会前往。谨将此行记录,供个人回忆和他人参考。 时间:2011年9月13日----2011年9月29日 地点:以拉萨为中心,东至鲁朗,西至珠峰,北至纳木错。 总结:进藏,无论走川藏,走新藏,走滇藏,需要具备以下几点: 1、一部好车,山高路远,一部好车至关重要。 2、一个好司机,急弯天险,经验丰富的好司机,可以灵活应变。 3、一条好线路,多看攻略,好的线路,可以事半功倍,走更远的路看更美的风景。 4、一个好团队,不是一家人千万别硬靠一家门,不是所有背包的人都是驴,我欣赏喜力家门口贴的那句话,“西服领带莫入”,摆不清个人身份与角色的人,你可以去旅行团。不是所有的“绿皮车”都可以去拉萨,有的“绿皮车”只能做“地铁”。 5、一个好心态,良好的心态很重要,至少不会因为下雨看不到珠峰就怨天尤人。山在那里,看不见峰,你还可以看见云。 西藏之行,我是幸运的。 幸运的是选择了九月,这个晴朗的日子出行;幸运的是选择了好司机,这帮纯朴的藏族汉子,是他们合理地帮我们设计了路线和时间安排,让我们看到了珠峰的全貌;看到了纳木错的晚霞和日照念青唐古拉山;看到了羊卓雍错的静谧和碧玉般的满拉水库.... 幸运的是有一大群关心我的朋友,在我最需要的时候,伸出援助之手。忘不了八一杜鹃花宾馆的次仁;忘不了为了接我们下山,连口水都没有顾得喝的藏族司机次旦;忘不了话虽不多,却掷地有声的平措;还有格桑、次旺,还有很多微笑着的藏族朋友.... 幸运的是我在8264网预定了行者驴舍,忘不了,在行者驴舍那些推开窗子就可以看见布达拉宫的日子....... 我是幸运的,因为有你们..... 既然是攻略篇,那就先来介绍一下我们的车和我们的司机。 我们租用的第一部越野车,丰田巡航舰,驾驶员:格桑罗布。一个非常老实的藏族小伙子,话不多,人实在。 我们去珠峰,去纳木错的越野车和司机师傅:平措。也是一个话不多的藏族师傅,比我们年龄稍大,在路上帮我们设计路线,该赶路的时候赶路,随时拍景观光,时时为我们着想,推荐一下。因为越野车是他本人的,正式的日喀则旅行牌照的丰田越野车,手续齐全。联系电话:13648903219 师傅:平措。他常说,一路上有你,苦一点都愿意! 照片右边的是八一杜鹃花酒店的索朗次仁,一个年轻热心的藏族小伙子,在我们第一部越野车坏在路上的时候,是他及时安排另外一部越野车前去接应,并且帮我们解决了第二部车子的问,被我们戏称为“林芝及时雨”。 林芝杜鹃花酒店 索朗次仁 联系电话:13989940450 还有一位次旦师傅,在我们最需要的时候,开车去鲁朗接我们下山。次旦师傅是一个健谈的好司机,他可以讲述关于西藏的故事,介绍西藏各个景点的历史给你听。联系电话:13908945750 车型:猎豹。 我们的线路:西藏是个让你忘却了时间的地方,所以,没有必要赶路,走到哪里是哪里。这里到处都是风景。 第一天,预定布宫门票,去哲蚌寺,下午去大昭寺。 第二天,去布宫参观,酸奶坊里泡奶吧,布宫广场晒太阳,拉萨博物馆,八角街溜达,去藏家宴吃藏餐。 第三天,前往鲁朗,途径松赞干布的故乡,中流砥柱,尼洋河,八一,林芝,鲁朗林海,住八一。 第四天,鲁朗游 第五天,八一途径拉萨,住曲水。 第六天 ,曲水经岗巴拉山,看羊湖,满拉水库,卡惹拉冰川,住定日。 第七天,定日,珠峰,日喀则,住日喀则。 第八天,日喀则,尼木,纳木错,住纳木错羊宾馆。 第九天,纳木错返回拉萨。 第十天,拉萨河,八角街转悠,住行者驴舍。 第十一天,拉萨河,色拉寺。住行者驴舍。 第十二天,八角街小寺庙,娘热风情园看藏獒。 第十三天,拉萨火车站,离开拉萨。 我们投宿的地方,还有龙门客栈哦!拉萨入住:行者驴舍 坐落在布宫后面的驴舍,环境适宜驴友。 联系电话:13989905360老板江莉八一入住:杜鹃花宾馆 条件不错 长途免费哦 联系电话:13989940450有困难你可以随时找老板:次仁曲水入住:一个被当地评委文明单位的家庭旅舍,没有名字,是那个小镇上为数不多的旅社,我们忘记了名字,因 为当天晚上电路不好,灯忽闪忽闪的,被我们戏称为“龙门客栈”。只是投宿一晚,为了能及时看见羊湖的日出。白坝入住:成都庄园,一个很干净的小驴舍,老板很干净利索,联系电话:13889020294周先生纳木错入住:羊宾馆很有名的宾馆,中央四台介绍过,电话随处可以找到。 我们的团队既然是攻略篇,那就来说说我们的装备吧: 太阳镜、太阳帽、防晒霜(指数要高一点),护肤霜、润唇膏、湿纸巾(珠峰和纳木错不具备洗漱条件)、洗发水、香皂、牙刷、牙膏、毛巾、卷筒纸、头灯,雨具,水壶、睡袋。 衣服:漂亮妹妹可以随意准备衣服,只是不要忘记带一件轻便羽绒服、冲锋衣。 常备药物: 抗高反药物:红景天,西洋参片、板蓝根冲剂(每天喝,干燥到每天起床氮中带血,鼻腔.),消炎药,感冒药,退烧药,肠胃药,止血贴,复合维生素,牛黄解毒片,润喉片、诺迪康(其实就是藏药红景天)。 带些文具,比如:铅笔、本子、圆珠笔等比较好,这些是路上遇见藏族孩子,给他们的,我在纳木错遇见了一个女孩,她留了一个地址给我,希望我可以邮寄一些书本给她,在后面的游记我会写到。 友情提醒:你可以不买文具,但是千万不要带用过的,或者是坏东西给孩子们,在那蓝天下,面对孩子诚挚的眼睛你的良心会颤抖的。 准备一些纸币零钞,那里不用硬币哦! 不要担心东西带的不全,衣服带的不够,在拉萨八角街的商家,什么都有卖的,价格也很公道。 2011年9月13日至2011年9月29日徐州西藏自助游(17天)费用清单 交通:4551元(其中:包车2500,硬卧745,软卧1152,打车153)餐费:1061元(早饭管饱,中餐晚餐四菜一汤准)药品:82元 (四人剩余药品全部捐赠色拉寺附近转山藏民)保险:210元 (美亚保险30天)零钱:9元 (寺庙)住宿:635元(四人间、准间、多人间)门票:665元(含珠峰越野车、哲蚌、纳木措、大昭、布宫、羊湖)通讯:25元捐赠:80元(文具60元,喇嘛电话充值20元)(个人)合计:7318元 嗯,准备好了!我们该出发了!千万不要被下面的啤酒和牛奶吓倒了,这是四个人在44小时里的食物,我们是集中采购,这样可以避免浪费! 好了,啰嗦了这么多!我们出发吧!《去西藏》之二 路上的风景 都说:西藏不在拉萨,西藏不在日喀则,真正的西藏在路上……美景不在前藏,美景也不在后藏,真正的美景在路上…的确如此:美景在路上!凌晨上车,一觉醒来火车已经进入三门峡地区,眼前的河流应该是黄河的支流吧?下雨了,透过车窗看着窗外模糊的风景,心里想,把雨水留在路上吧,祈祷西藏是个大晴天。这里塌方了。桥被大水冲断了。火车驶进了甘肃地界,天开始蓝了,气候也干燥了。这是酒钢集团下属的一个重工基地,好像是在铁路沿线生产钢材的。 从格尔木开始,我们的火车开始进入青藏高原,真正意义上的青藏铁路开始了。 早上近六点的时候,列车停靠在格尔木车站,茫茫大漠只有一轮明月。从这一刻开始,我们的车窗就成了变幻莫测的观景台。([]
壶瓶山,位于湖南省常德市石门县境内,海拔2098.7米,被称为“湖南屋脊”。利用国庆假期,约好刚从深圳回来的好朋友,卜宗年夫妇,一起成行。 说到错误游,到现在还有些许遗憾;本打算去登壶瓶山主峰峰顶的,时间也定在假期的最后6、7日两天,选择这两天,主要是考虑大部分游客都在返程中,加上媒体近几天报道,较多的景区出现游客爆棚的情况,来一个错峰出发,应该是明智之举,后来事实证明是正确的。 10月6日上午按时出发,可是,由于本人轻视了此次出游的准备,(因为是市内游),没有仔细研读攻略,犯了一个常识性的错误,认为壶瓶山应该就在壶瓶山镇,而且石门县汽车站内,有几辆等客待运的大巴车,挡风玻璃上都赫然贴着“石门——壶瓶山”的红色大字路牌,登壶瓶山顶,搭乘到壶瓶山的车应该不会错吧,于是,四人毫不犹豫地登上了即将开往壶瓶山的大巴。 大巴一开出石门县城约2公里,就开始进入爬山路段,经过3小时20分的跌宕起伏、峰回路转,大巴终于在下午2点20分到达壶瓶山镇,四人下车后的第一件事就是找餐馆,其实不是找,是直奔,因为简易车站对面,就有一家“胖子餐馆”。 随乘大巴的女乘务员也介绍说,她们也经常在这家餐馆吃饭,另外还给我们介绍了同车两位美女,她俩?不是,应该是她仨也是来旅游的,(还要算上她们的“崽崽”,一只白色的宠物狗),她们选定的项目是漂流。 我们的团队由四人增加到六人,餐馆内,花很短的时间就点好了饭菜,趁着上菜的空隙,向该店胖子老板打听登山的路,老板一句话,把我们都搞懵了,他说:到壶瓶山登顶的地方还有6、70公里山路要走,一个叫“南坪”的地方,每天一班车,下午1点30分开出,现在没有车进去了。 怎么办?另外租车去吧,找了几台车,价格贵得离谱,而且车况也不好,时间也不够了,我们不想出什么状况,只能放弃登顶壶瓶山。 最后只好改变旅游路线,到17公里外的壶瓶山生态旅游景区看看,于是便诞生了错误的旅游。 六人匆忙吃完饭后付账走人,同车的两位美女她们仨不知什么原因,改变了主意,不与我们同行了,团队依然变成原来的四人。 壶瓶山镇,是一个藏在大山深处的山村小镇,费了好一番功夫,找来一辆经过改装加篷的三轮摩托车,当地人叫“麻麻车”,也是山村常用的载人工具,为什么会叫这么个名呢?我相信朋友们和我一样,对这个名字产生好奇。 经过我们四人团队的亲身搭乘体验,终于悟出其中的真谛:麻,真的麻,不是一般的麻,而是浑身上下都麻,麻到脸皮肌肉失去控制,麻到耳内奇痒忍不住用手指去掏。十几公里山路的颠簸,能不麻嘛?你要坐上去,你也麻。身体保持坐的姿势,充分利用腿部韧带的缓冲功能,任由坐板在屁股下面上下跳动。 沿途景色不错哦,高山峡谷,溪流潺潺,鸟兽争鸣,森林茂密,五颜六色,美不胜收,意外的惊喜啊。 进入景区后,感觉特别清爽,游道是沿着缓缓溪流向上修建的,两边是高山,多处是绝壁,瀑布点缀其中,怪石嶙峋,置身其中好畅快。 虽有小小遗憾,但也不虚此行。 从澧县出发先前已商定好,实行AA制,由我全程买单,卜妻记账,返程后算账。10月6日早上,7点钟起床,洗漱,整理行装。735分,和老婆出门,澧县多安桥乘3路公汽(票价1元/人)到”桃花滩宾馆“站下车。739分,与好友卜宗年夫妇回合,”稻花香“餐厅早餐(餐费共40元)后,四人清点行装。810分,乘2路公汽(东站——西站)到澧县西站(票价1元/人)。820分,乘(澧县——石门)大巴 (票价15元/人)。953分,到达石门县汽车东站。1000,乘石门(东站——西站)公汽(票价1元/人)。1048分,到达石门西站。以上的行程没有拍照片。1100,乘(石门——壶瓶山)大巴(票价30元/人)。开始上照片大巴行驶在盘山公路上车上一个8个月大的小萌妹,老看着我笑,特别可爱。沿途的风光沿途的风光 经过3个多小时的颠簸,下午220分到达壶瓶山镇。其中的来龙去脉前面已经表述,这里不再重复。 下面这辆车,就是我们从壶瓶山镇转乘到壶瓶山生态景区的车辆,当地人叫“麻麻车”,与车主谈好车费50元,我们四人就上了这辆车,250分继续赶路。 平时没有客人的时候,就当小货车用,只要你坐了这车后,你就永远不会忘记它。估计以后训练航天员可能会排上用场,要不要去试试? 目前通往景区的道路只允许这么宽的车辆通行,宽了会车就困难了。 42分钟后到达景区大门入口,门票费80元/人,因预先与麻麻车车主打听过门票的事,车主承诺,不买票可以带我们进去(不明白其中的缘由),还说向前还有7公里路程,前提是要补加30元的车费,划算,成交。 麻麻车果然载着我们顺利通过,约行进10米后,只听见大门处有人冲我们喊:要买票啊,不过是象征性的履行所谓的职责罢了,我们没听见lol。 继续前进,约7分钟就到了一个岔路口,这里住有几户人家,也有几家小店、小旅馆,这里环境不错,山溪环屋流淌,森林茂密,绿草如茵,我们在此下车,看看旅馆; 第一家的房间还好,就是小了点,两人住有点挤,床铺很干净,有电视,没有电脑,价格100元; 第二家的房子较旧,大小较合适,但没有卫生间,没有电脑、电视,80元可以开房,没看上。 还是觉得第一家好一点,又回到第一家,继续与管房的小青年侃价,小青年很有原则,一个子都不少,问他的老板在哪里,回答:老板没时间,在邻居家打牌,算哒,我们撤。 旅馆到景区的徒步起点(象鼻子沟)只有1.5公里了(旅馆内打听到的),看来麻麻车主7公里的说法明显是撒谎了。 麻麻车5分钟就把我们送到了目的地,时间是下午430分,看时间还早,准备进景区溜达一会儿再做打算。(照片为卜妻拍摄)80元的车费付给了麻麻车主,车主一溜烟跑了。 开始徒步进入象鼻沟景区,景区木廊亭口有一个穿红色T恤的中年男子,主动走近我们,说进景区要买门票,80元/人,这时觉得有点被愚弄的沮丧。经过一番侃价,同意我们四人买3张票,3*80=240元,而且没有正规的门票,红T恤男子随手给我们写了一张白纸条,写下了他的电话号码,他姓吴。说今天、明天凭他的白纸条都可以进出,我拍下了这张白纸条,如收宝贝一样的把它装进口袋。进入景区。仙女瀑 由于时间的关系,今天的观光就到此告一段落,因为景区530分关门,我们必须要在这一时间前走出景区。 另外,我们住的旅馆还没有落实,进景区前,门口有一个当地摆摊的中年妇女,对我们很友好,让我们免费尝她的烤红薯、野生板栗、猕猴桃,跟我们拉家常,想要我们住在她的家里,我们四人被她的朴实、诚恳打动了。 从景区出来后,决定到她家里看看,(其实我们在心里都定下来了住她家) 照片中远处的那把太阳伞,就是我们的房东经营地。去农户家的路上,也不时被风景所吸引。 15分钟散步式的行进,到了农户家,房东姓杨,房间很宽敞,采光明亮,客厅、卫生间、电视都有,四人当即同意,入住。房费150元,两房一大厅。 谈好晚饭的费用,房东给我们做饭,一个鱼火锅,两个素菜,80元。这栋两层楼房,就是我们今晚夜宿的地方。 吃晚饭后,天已经完全黑暗,也没有什么地方可去,周围出奇的安静,凭我的职业经验判断,环境噪音绝不会超过15db。上二楼房间闲聊,看电视,房东两夫妻也来加入我们阵营,天南海北,无话不谈。11点钟后,睡觉。明天还有任务呢。 10月7日早上730起床,洗漱完成,趁房东准备早餐的空隙,到屋前屋后看看,今天天气很好,阳光已照在大山顶上屋后的背景旁边还有一栋木装修的小楼,是一家小规模旅店。你知道房东窗户前面摆放的是什么吗?四条腿,纯木制造,猜猜看。屋前有一条干枯的石沟,沟的上游约30米的地方,有水流入,下游20米的地方,有水流出,据房东讲,下雨的时候,水流很大,能平堤,而且还是很清澈的水。([]
Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享,俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦,俺先来个免责声明:1。杨同学不认识俺,也没有授权俺,如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止;2。俺没有商业目的,译版版权归杨同学,俺啥也不要,也不承担法律责任;3。没有杨同学授权,不敢擅自发在国外网站,发在原帖处,荣誉归8264;4。俺英语水平有限,欢迎指正,欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分,不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦,希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子,原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co, where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30), 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birt
走进世博会——中国2010年上海世博会介绍(世博系列之一)目 录 前言 一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主 3、以往部分世博会简介 二、中国与世界博览会 1、中国与世博会的渊源 2、中国参加世博会的获奖产品 3、新中国参加过的历届世博会 4、中国以往举办的世园会 三、2010年世界博览会(Expo 2010)总体介绍 1、上海世博会申办的过程 2、世博会主 3、会徽 4、吉祥物 5、确认参展的国家和组织 6、上海世博会场地 7、上海世博会园区规划 8、2010年上海世博会门票 9、上海世博会世博轴 10、上海世博会世博公园 11、上海世博会演艺中心 12、上海世博会世博中心 13、上海世博会世博论坛 14、上海世博会网上世博会 15、上海世博会文化演艺活动 16、上海世博会世博村 四、参展展馆 1、上海世博会主馆 2、上海世博会中国国家馆 3、亚洲馆 4、欧洲馆 5、美洲馆 6、非洲馆 7、大洋洲馆 8、其他国际组织馆 9、企业馆 10、上海世博会城市最佳实践区1# 老顽童thtsjy 前 言 2010年是世博年,我们作为本届世博会举办地——上海的市民,愿为世博会尽绵薄之力。为此,我们综合了参观《走进世博会——中国2010年世博会暨世博会历史回顾展览》(在上海展览馆举办)、探访“中国2010年上海世博会展示中心”(位于淮海中路香港新世界大厦三楼)以及收集的有关世博会资料,整理成庚寅年第一帖,奉献给诸位参考。鉴于我们自身文字和拍照水平的局限、收集资料渠道的受限、整理功力的有限,本帖存在诸多不足,恳请各位指教,深表感谢! 16# zj522522 感谢以上各位支持,祝你们虎年吉祥! 17# 老顽童thtsjy 一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来 在古代农耕社会,人们往往在庆贺丰收、宗教仪式、欢度喜庆的节日里展开交易活动,后来逐渐发展成为定期的、有固定场所的、以物品交换为目的的大型贸易及展示的集会。这就是世博会的最早形式。公元5世纪,波斯举办了第一个超越集市功能的展览会。 18世纪,随着新技术和新产品的不断出现,人们逐渐想到举办与集市相似,但只展不卖,以宣传、展出新产品和成果为目的的展览会。1791年捷克在首都布拉格首次举办了这样的展览会。随着科学技术的进步,社会生产力的发展,展览会的规模也逐步扩大,参展的地域范围从一地扩大到全国,由国内延伸到国外,直至发展成为由许多国家参与的世界性博览会。 26# 老顽童thtsjy 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主1851年英国伦敦万国工业产品大博览会1853年美国纽约万国工业产品博览会1855年法国巴黎世界工农业和艺术博览会1862年英国伦敦国际工业和艺术博览会1865年爱尔兰都柏林世界博览会1867年法国巴黎第2届巴黎世界博览会1873年奥地利维也纳世界博览会1876年美国费城美国独立百年展览会1878年法国巴黎第3届巴黎世界博览会1880年澳大利亚墨尔本世界博览会1883年荷兰阿姆斯特丹国际博览会1889年法国巴黎第4届巴黎世界博览会1893年美国芝加哥哥伦布纪念博览会1897年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1900年法国巴黎第5届巴黎世界博览会1904年美国纪念路易斯安娜购置一百周年博览会1905年比利时列日世界博览会1906年意大利米兰世界博览会1908年英国伦敦世界博览会1910年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1913年比利时甘特世界博览会1915年美国旧金山巴拿马太平洋博览会1925年法国巴黎国际装饰美术博览会1926年美国费城建国150周年世界博览会1929年西班牙巴塞罗那世界博览会1933年美国芝加哥世界博览会——“一个世纪的进步”1935年比利时布鲁塞尔万国博览会——“通过竞争获取和平”1936年瑞典斯德哥尔摩世界博览会1937年法国巴黎现代生活艺术世界博览会——“现代世界的艺术和技术”1938年芬兰赫尔辛基航空世界博览会1939年比利时国际水资源博览会1939-1940年美国纽约世界博览会——“明日新世界”1939-1940年美国旧金山金门世界博览会1949年瑞典国际体育博览会1949年海地王子港世界博览会1953年以色列耶路撒冷世界博览会1954年意大利航海世界博览会1955年瑞典世界生活艺术博览会1955年意大利都灵国际体育博览会1956年以色列柑橘栽培展览会1957年德国柏林世界博览会1958比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会——“科学、文明和人性”1961年意大利都灵世界博览会1962年美国西雅图廿一世纪博览——“太空时代的人类”1964-1965年美国纽约世界博览会——“通过理解走向和平”1965年德国慕尼黑交通运输世界博览会1967年加拿大蒙持利尔世界博览会——“人类与世界”1968年美国圣安东尼奥世界博览会——“美洲大陆的文化交流”1970年日本大阪日本世界博览会——“人类的进步与和谐”1971年匈牙利布达佩斯世界狩猎博览会1974年美国斯波坎环境世界博览会——“无污染的进步”1975年日本冲绳国际海洋博览会——“海洋-充满希望的未来”1981年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1982年美国诺克斯维世界能源博览会——“能源-世界的原动力”1984年美国新奥尔良路易西安纳世界博览会——“河流的世界-水乃生命之源”1985年日本筑波万国博览会——“居住与环境人类的家居科技”1985年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1986年加拿大温哥华世界交通与通讯博览会——“交通与运输”1988年澳大利亚布里斯班世界博览会——“科技时代的休闲生活”1990年日本大阪世界博览会——“人类与自然”1991年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1992年西班牙塞维利亚世界博览会——“发现的时代”1992年意大利热那亚世界博览会——“哥伦布-船与海”1993年韩国大田世界博览会——“新的起飞之路”1998年葡萄牙里斯本海洋博览会——“海洋——未来的财富”1999年中国昆明世界博览会——“人与自然,迈向二十一世纪”2000年德国汉诺威世界博览会——“人类-自然-科技-发展”2005年日本爱知爱.地球博——“自然、城市、和谐——生活的艺术”2008年西班牙萨拉戈萨世界博览会2010年中国上海世界博览会——“城市,让生活更美好”2012年韩国丽水世界博览会2015年意大利米兰世界博览会 29# 老顽童thtsjy 3、历届部分世博会简介 水晶宫的魅力——1851年英国伦敦第一届世界博览会纪实 全世界第一场世界博览会——1851年万国工业博览会在英国首都伦敦的海德公园举行,展期是1851年5月1日至10月11日,主要内容是世界文化与工业科技,借此博览会英国在当时展现了工业革命后技冠群雄、傲视全球的辉煌成果。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了首届世博会 19世纪前半叶,欧洲工业革命正如火如荼地进行,科学技术的飞速发展,使人类生活发生了巨大的变化。 在英国,自维多利亚女王登基后,当时的英国在世界工业中一马当先。同时资本的高速聚集和运作,英国也成为当时欧洲金融的中心。这些因素触发了英国将在世界舞台上演绎主角的欲望。 此前,欧洲各国举办工业博览会已不是新鲜事,特别是英国、法国在工业革命的推动下,都举办了多届有影响的工业产品博览会,以此来推广本国的工业生产技术和宣传新产品。频频举办工业博览会使英国萌发了举办一次世界各国参与的博览会。 成立于1754年的英国皇家艺术协会历来承担国家展览会的组织工作,担任皇家艺术协会主席的阿尔伯特亲王具有一种与传统理念所不同的开明思想和创新精神。1849年,艺术协会开始酝酿筹划规模更大的博览会时,阿尔伯特提出“博览会必须是国际性的、展品要有外国产品参加”的设想,要求能在伦敦海德公园中找到最好的展览场地,以举办一届规模宏大的世界博览会。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了第一届世博会在英国诞生。 确立规则,女王广邀宾客 1849年6月30日,一次历史性的会议在白金汉宫召开,参加者有皇家艺术协会成员、全国博览会组委会成员、建筑公司成员和阿尔伯特亲王。会议作出了7项重要决定:1、世博会展品分为四个大类:原材料、机械、工业制品和雕塑作品;2、将建一幢特别临时建筑作为世博会展厅;3、举办场地选在海德公园南侧;4、博览会将是国际性的,由国家发出参展邀请;5、组委会将提供大量奖金以鼓励参展者;6、将成立一个皇家委员会来主办世博会;7、世博会财政集资由艺术家协会负责。 会议之后,组委会立即起草并提交给政府关于成立世博会皇家委员会的申请。组委会成员到英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰的65个城镇和法国等一些欧洲国家进行了游说,动员参展。 1849年10月17日,组委会举行了一次大规模的公共会议,向伦敦市最有影响力的商人和银行家描述了世博会的整个计划。艺术协会的项目融资也有了进展,25万英镑的保证金解决了财务问。很快,议会两院也以多数票同意在海德公园内举行博览会。 1850年1月3日,世博会皇家委员会成立。随后,维多利亚女王便以国家名义向世界各国发出世博会参展邀请。 31# 老顽童thtsjy 一个方案拯救了首届世博会 世博会的筹备工作开局颇为顺利,但是困难却是接踵而来。一是时间紧,距世博会开幕仅有一年半,具体工作尚未启动;二是集资困难,运作资金尚有很大缺口;三是社会上有大量意见反对使用海德公园举办世博会,因为建造展馆将会破坏树林和环境。但最大的麻烦是世博会展馆的设计与建造问。 1849年底成立的世博会建筑委员会立即向各国发出展馆设计的邀请。尽管方案征集仅有三个星期,但委员会仍收到245个方案,却没有一个获胜者。因为所有方案都是古典、永久性的建筑形式。这不仅使阿尔伯特等陷入困境,甚至有导致世博会流产的危险。 正在皇家委员会一筹莫展时,一个不经意的方案不仅成功地挽救了世博会,更是成为人类历史上的里程碑作品,甚至建筑物作品的本身成为了第一届世博会最成功的展品。这便是园艺工约瑟夫·帕克斯顿和他的创作“水晶宫”。 意外发现睡莲化作“水晶宫” 1837年,一位英国探险家在圭亚那发现美丽的王莲,便采集种子带回英国交给查丝华斯庄园首席园艺师约瑟夫·帕克斯顿(Joseph Paxton)种植。三个月后,王莲长出11片巨大的叶子和开出美丽的花朵。帕克斯顿将花以维多利亚命名王莲Victoria amazonica Sowerby(Royal Water Lily,Amazon Water-platter),并作为礼物送给了维多利亚女王。自此他与阿尔伯特亲王相识并成为挚友。 王莲越长越大。有一天他把7岁的小女儿抱在其中一片叶子上观赏花朵,水上飘逸的绿叶居然轻而易举地承担起她的体重。帕克斯顿翻开叶子观察其背面,只见粗壮的径脉纵横呈环形交错,构成既美观又可以负担巨大的承重力的整体。这个发现顿时给了他灵感,一种新的建筑理念在脑中形成。不久他在为王莲建造查丝华斯温室时,用铁栏和木制拱胁为结构、玻璃为墙面,首创了新颖的温室。该建筑除了简洁明快的功能外,建筑构件可以预先制造,不同构件可以根据建筑大小需要组合装配,这样的建筑成本低廉,施工快捷。 帕克斯顿听说了在海德公园建造展览场馆之事,立即毛遂自荐愿意提供他的建筑方案。 帕克斯顿的设计方案在众人的关注下最终被敲定,记者Douglas Jerrold在报上将它称之为“水晶宫”,这个名称一直流传至今。1850年9月26日,水晶宫奠基。6个月不到就竣工了。 整幢建筑是现代化大规模工业生产技术的结晶。 38# 老顽童thtsjy 博览盛会,创造历史 水晶宫建造的同时,组委会挑选和收集各类展品的工作进展加快。博览会共有18000个参加商,提供了10万多件展品。 组委会另设特别评选委员会对展品评选,评出5084奖项,其中外国人获得3045项。 1851年5月1日早上9时,水晶宫开门接纳来参加开幕式的客人。50多万人聚集在海德公园四周。11时30分,9驾皇家马车列队离开了白金汉宫前往海德公园参加世博会开幕大典,12时的钟声敲响,在“哈利路亚”乐曲声中,王室和他们的随行人员进入展览宫。 水晶宫内挂满万国彩旗,参观人流摩肩接踵,各种工艺品、艺术雕塑琳琅满目、目不暇接。人们惊奇地观看来自不同国家的发明、珍奇和不同产品。 参观者最感兴趣的是不同的机器发明。人们目瞪口呆地看着开槽机,钻孔机,拉线机,纺纱机,造币机,抽水机等各种机器工作,让人领悟到工业革命给世界带来的变化。 当然,最受赞誉的还是水晶宫,这座原本是为世博会展品提供展示的场馆却成了第一届世博会中最成功的作品和展品。水晶宫成为世博会的志。水晶宫成就了世博会的举办,世博会的成功又为世界上第一次聚集众多国家,为了一个和平的目的交流不同文化、科技成果开创了先例。 1851年共有6039195人次参观了首届世博会。 同年10月14日伦敦世博会举行了闭幕式,世博会圆满结束,并获得了186437英镑的利润。 世博会结束后水晶宫移至伦敦南部的西得汉姆,并以更大的规模重新建造,1854年6月10日由维多利亚女王主持向公众开放。它作为伦敦的娱乐中心存在了82年。1936年11月30日晚上6点,中央大厅员工厕所突然着火,大火烧遍了整幢建筑。水晶宫的焚毁宣告了辉煌的维多利亚时代结束。 43# 老顽童thtsjy 1853年美国纽约世博会 1853年的世博会在美国纽约举办,主办者效仿英国也用钢铁和玻璃建造了一个大型展馆,同样称之为“水晶宫”,但规模却小得多,仅及英国的三分之一。 45# 老顽童thtsjy 46# 老顽童thtsjy 胜家缝纫机公司(Singer)是美国第一家成功的跨国公司,其主打产品——缝纫机被誉为继农用锄具发明之后的又一伟大发明,并被称为“世界上最著名的机械”。1853年纽约世博会上展出的胜家缝纫机已具备以后一百多年间的家用缝纫机的基本功能。 47# 老顽童thtsjy 48# 老顽童thtsjy 1852年,奥的斯发明了动力上升梯子的安全装置,并在1853年纽约世博会上演示其发明。现代电梯仍使用奥的斯当年的发明创造。 52# 老顽童thtsjy 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会上,一种起源于古罗马、风行于16世纪欧洲宫廷、而为爱尔兰妇女所钟爱的蕾丝作品,以其华美典丽而令人炫目,并由此推广成为平民女子的美丽服饰。 54# 老顽童thtsjy 1867年巴黎世博会 1867年在法国巴黎举办的世博会,已经具备了现代世博会的雏形。主展馆为490X380米的巨大橄圆形建筑,中心为公园,四周为展厅,16条通道分割展区,给各参展国设计自己独立的展馆。 57# 老顽童thtsjy 蓝色的多瑙河——记1873年维也纳世博会 世博会的举办与规划 十九世纪中后期,通过举办世博会来提高国家地位,已被许多国家认同和追逐。1870年,奥地利政府为将首都维也纳推进到世界先进城市行列,同时也为清除1866年普奥战争失败后的笼罩在城市上空的阴霾,向世界宣布:举办1873年维也纳世界博览会,主为纪念约瑟夫一世执政25周年。 世博会举办地选择在风光秀丽的多瑙河边,这条河随着几年前施特劳斯著名的圆舞曲《蓝色的多瑙河》而名声鹊起。维也纳中央公园被选作博览会会场,面积达233公倾。维也纳市政当局想利用举办世博会的时机,对旧城区建筑大举实施改造,拆去城壁,打通市中心与郊外的联系,多瑙河也在整改范围之列,涉及水道绵延半英里,拓展河道工程产生的50万立方的砂砾被用于世博会会址之用。整个工程规划由建筑师凯利·哈森那根据意大利文艺复兴时期的风格设计。由于前几届世博会的启示,维也纳世博会的组织者已开始注重建筑的功能与美观结合,强调建筑的整体魅力。设计中的宏伟庞大的主建筑群——工业宫,面积达7万平方米,工业宫建筑结构合理,长907米,宽206米。中央与园顶大厅相连,两侧留有宽25米主廊,主廊与长145米、宽15米的侧廊相交。侧廊之间有多个宽45米,长75米庭院,所有建筑均建有屋顶,观众入口装饰处建造了凯旋门和不同历史风格的大门。工业宫建筑开创了世博会历史中建造大型联体展览建筑物的先列。 60# 老顽童thtsjy 世界第八大奇观——圆顶大厅罗托纳达 维也纳世博会上建筑亮点是由斯各特·罗素设计的工业宫中央圆顶大厅罗托纳达。罗素曾担任1851年伦敦世博会参展委员会的秘书。该大厅设计显然受到了1851年世博会“官方”建筑计划书的启发,风格极其相同。 罗托纳达圆形大厅,顶高83米,直径约110米,成为当时世界上最大的圆顶大厅建筑,比罗马的圣·皮耶尔大教堂的48米圆顶和伦敦的圣保罗大教堂37米圆顶确实大了许多。圆形大厅的结构也是用金属制作,建设周期仅18个月,时间之短在当时令人难以置信。建筑被称之为世界第八大奇观。圆形大厅其锥形屋顶由32根粗大的柱子支撑,圆顶之上有一个直径为28米的穹隆塔顶,再上面是一个直径为7米的小型穹隆灯塔,最高处是一个奥地利皇冠的巨大复制品,由皇冠珠宝的仿制品装饰。 这个巨大的园顶建筑物引起了轰动效应,也倾倒了观众。世博会期间共有206270位参观者踏着台阶登到圆顶皇冠处,饱览维也纳城市的迷人景色并为壮观的建筑而荣耀。 整个博览会除工业宫建筑群外,还有机械厅、美术馆、园艺馆等新建190多幢建筑,整个世博会把现实和艺术,现代和古老,东方和西方不同建筑元素和谐地融为一体。 64# 老顽童thtsjy 布展独特展品丰富 建筑群内的中央广场呈东西走向,圆形大厅中央安放着土耳其苏丹二赠送的美丽装饰喷泉。四周由回廊环绕,陈列各国展品。维也纳世博会组织者,为了使展品分类越加合理,将展品分成26种,分类数增加到162个,其目的是“将创造发明、工业化生产与人类教育、生活品味和生活质量的发展相适应”。 16个展示厅内布局根据国家位置而设计展示体系,每个国家的展品都靠着其地理上的邻国,所以只要观赏了不同国家的展品,就可以获知基本的世界地理知识。 奥地利展品中给人印象比较深的是一副刻画政治家在普法战争中形象的象牙棋子和一颗重达8吨、长50英尺放置在水银池中的巨型炮弹,使人想起1866年那场不幸的那场战争。 埃及展示了世界注目的苏伊士运河工程模型。埃及政府把设计展区的任务委托给了一批德国的著名埃及史研究专家。他们在设计中将四年前刚开始动工的工程建筑与埃及风光、风情巧妙结合,把埃及的地理、历史和社会进程关系完美的展示给观众。 瑞典提供了一个模范学校的教育展示,从教室的课桌设计到学生教材丛书和办学规划,让观众了解公共教育的重要性。 维也纳世博会主办者强调发明和设计理念:科学和艺术,工业和手艺、过去和将来之间,需在美感和实用性的大前提下具有审美价值,构建完美的和谐关系。文化艺术类展品则显示了主办国-维也纳城市特有的强项。 世博会中,奥地利为维也纳城市设计了专展览,展览以丰富多样的形式,详细阐述了建成于罗马时代的维也纳城市中城堡、宫殿、街道、广场和著名建筑物的历史故事。该展览最令人激动的是节日欢庆和比赛活动部分,每天的露天音乐会,由约翰.施特劳斯指挥管弦乐队演奏不同圆舞曲和圣歌,当然最受欢迎的便是“蓝色的多瑙河”,因为只有在音乐之都-维也纳,在美丽的多瑙河边,在世博会特有欢乐的氛围中聆听施特劳斯亲自演绎的“蓝色的多瑙河”,才能真正体验和感受到艺术家的真情和艺术作品的魅力所在。 维也纳世博会中有两个艺术展馆展示来自世界各地的艺术珍品。法国、俄罗斯提供了众多的名家绘画作品。维也纳画家汉斯麦卡特画成的那幅长17米宽4米的巨作,尤其受人瞩目。 古典艺术品中有希腊、意大利送来的大理石雕像,其中有帕台农圣庙的复制品和米洛的维纳斯雕像,据说当时维纳斯的双手还在。 维也纳世博会于1873年5月1日开幕,11月2日闭幕,共有35个国家、4万多参展商应邀参加,仅有725万人次参观了世博会。最后财务的统计表明,世博会的总投资956万美元,但收益仅是其开支的六分之一,被认为是19世纪重大的财政失败例子之一。 维也纳世博会结束后,工业宫部分建筑群成为了维也纳玉米交易所,机器厅等被专门划出用于北方铁路货物和谷物储存中心。但是工业宫建筑和著名的圆顶建筑也同许多历史上世博会建筑一样,遭遇了悲惨的命运,它被1937年的一场大火摧毁。 66# 老顽童thtsjy 1876年费城世博会 1876年的美国费城世博会是一次重要的博览会,这是一届为庆祝美国建国百年而举办的世博会。费城的费尔蒙特公园,是世界上最大的城市公园,也是1876年世博会会址。 68# 老顽童thtsjy 自由女神像是法国赠送给美国的礼物。为参加费城世博会庆典,就将已完成了的自由女神像手臂和火炬先送去。直到1886年,自由女神像才在美国纽约安装完毕。 70# 老顽童thtsjy 爱迪生是19世纪最伟大的发明家,他的许多发明都曾在早期世博会上展出。 73# 老顽童thtsjy 就在这一年,贝尔博士发明了世界第一部电话,立即送到了博览会上展出,也是在这一年,中国第一条铁路在吴淞至上海开通。 75# 老顽童thtsjy 1878年法国巴黎世博会 爱迪生发明的话筒、留声机等在本届世博会上展出。 78# 老顽童thtsjy 永远的埃菲尔铁塔——1889年巴黎世博会的产物 铁塔的由来 1884年11月8日,法国下院议会做出决定:1889年5月3日至11月6日,法国巴黎将举办第三届世博会。主:庆祝法国大革命胜利100周年。 1886年5月,世博会组委会组织博览会的规划设计招。中者中有设计师古斯塔夫·埃菲尔。埃菲尔建议世博会场地放在巴黎火星广场和托罗卡德罗地区,展览面积100公顷。他在规划中创意建造一座300米高的志性建筑塔。 世博会的组织者们更是兴奋地建议:百年盛会中建造的志性高塔建筑,必须征集到大师们的作品,因为只有大师蕴涵的艺术天赋作品才能完美体现法国崇尚文化,独具和无可争议的优势。 招的结果是收到了1000份极富创意的方案,其中花样百出。如,设计一座巨大的断头台以象征帝国的死亡。设计一座350米的金字塔,塔上雕刻有英雄雕像和浮雕以描述大革命的主要事件等等。 但是,最“异想天开”的设计,还是来自年轻的设计师,古斯塔夫.埃菲尔的金属拱门塔方案。埃菲尔创意:“建造一座新颖的金属凯旋拱门来为现代科学和法国工业增光。这座拱门会给人独特的印象,也会超过历史上各种凯旋门形式。” 组委会委员、市政当局经比较和讨论,最终埃菲尔的铁塔门方案获得批准,当时新闻界大多数人也都对此方案表示欢迎。不过,所有人并没有料到,他们通过的这个方案成就了世博会历史上最激动人心的作品,也使1889年的世博会成为了经典。 80# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔设计和建造 古斯塔夫-埃菲尔,1832年生于第戎,中学毕业后,他到巴黎中央大学求学。他在设计建造波尔多的杜罗河桥时,由于解决了桥梁支柱的稳定性的难而初露峰芒。很快,他又参与设计在美国纽约“自由女神”像,因内部复杂的结构而名杨四海。通过一个个大胆创新的建筑项目中,年轻的埃菲尔的才能很快得到了充分展示。 埃菲尔在方案通过后,在40个助手帮助下,绘制了5300幅工程图,涉及到建筑18038个部位。 1886年11月5日,法国贸易部长批准了埃菲尔团队提交的最后方案。并提供其预算2750万法郎中五分之一的资金。埃菲尔抵押了他的公司并设法筹足剩余五分之四的资金。 1887年1月铁塔正式开工,整个工地成了一个巨大的钢铁加工厂,每段钢材都在工厂里依照严密的计算,根据图纸精确制造,然后又严格检验、编号、并按图纸进行组装。高塔建造时现场并没有什么辅助脚架,全靠精密的计算和严密的管理,一根根沉重的钢材凭借手动液压装置精确顶到位置,再由人工用一个个烧红的铆钉,挥舞着铁锥一锤一锤加以铆接固定。铁塔用去15000根钢铁材料,二百五十万个铆钉,整座塔楼在水泥混凝土加固的底座上矗立。工程在28个月工期里,始终体现着严格而科学的秩序。 82# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔引发的争议 埃菲尔自设计铁塔开始,面对的不仅是创新的技术难,还有因铁塔而引发的一场社会争议。因为,他的“通天塔”不仅激发了人们浓厚的好奇心,也产生了巨大的困惑。巴黎杰出的哥特建筑学派专家认为从数学角度考虑建造铁塔是不可能的。而最大的反对意见来自于巴黎的文学艺术家们。以著名作家盖.德.莫泊桑为首的47位著名人士发起了一项反对铁塔名活动,名的备忘录提交给巴黎政府并在报纸上公开发表。 反对和争议没有阻止建筑的进程,埃菲尔面对各种压力,始终沉着冷静,他认为铁塔一定会成功,他坚信建造铁塔将是完成一座人类理想的丰碑。 铁塔在塞纳河边渐渐升高,反对的意见逐步减少。人们开始冷静地看待铁塔,并对它的整体进行评估:大胆独创的铁塔,新颖别致的造型,直冲天穹的力量,张扬中却又充溢着浪漫的轻盈。这一切不又体现了法兰西民族独有的创造和创新的精神吗? 84# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔建造成功 1889年3月31日星期日,铁塔主建筑完工,埃菲尔与一些世博会高官一起登上了塔顶,并发射了21发礼炮以示庆祝。埃菲尔升起法国三色国旗并骄傲的宣告“现在,世界上只有法国国旗能飘扬在300米的高空”。 艾菲尔铁塔,这个曾被嘲笑为“悲剧式的蜡烛台”,“可怕的钢材堆”“巨大的工业烟囱”为法国1889年巴黎世博会带来激情和滚滚财源。 艾菲尔与巴黎政府的铁塔合约在1889年5月起开始回报,根据合同条款,20年中,铁塔收益归艾菲尔所有,铁塔就象一个金矿,这个金矿给艾菲尔带来了极大的效益。 当20年后,铁塔移交给巴黎市,艾菲尔和巴黎市政府并没有料到,铁塔的收益会不断延续,在一个世纪后,铁塔仍然游人如织。 86# 老顽童thtsjy 世博会时的铁塔 1889年5月6日,随着埃菲尔铁塔上一声炮响,世博会正式开放,会期每天早晨铁塔上的炮声和晚上铁塔的灯光不仅成为世博会的景观,更是成为巴黎都市浪漫生活的组成。由于采用了电灯照明技术,这也成为第一次晚上也开放的世博会。 1889年世博会期间,登塔成为参观的主要目的和时髦,共有2百万人在会期参观了铁塔。 埃菲尔铁塔有三层:第一层为57.63米,设不同的餐厅;第二层115.73米,设不同的办公室,特别是费加罗报的办公室,负责为参观者办理登塔证书;第三层276.13米,是服务区、气象台,实验室(物理,气象,生物)和艾菲尔的办公室,一般不对游人开放。 埃菲尔铁塔有一部电梯,每次可容纳100人,斜升到57米高一层,另外一部可载50人的垂直电梯,开到115米高。电梯每小时可供2400人用。参观人也可以通过1792级楼梯徒步登塔,到顶层鸟瞰巴黎全景。 1886年,本茨制成世界上第一辆三轮内燃机汽车。1889年,本茨亲自驾驶着汽车在展示,大受欢迎,也预示人类的汽车时代已经到来。 1889年11月6日,法国卡尔诺总统主持了的盛大的世博会闭幕仪式,世博会明星爱迪生用新近发明的留声机,以播放埃菲尔宣布闭幕的声音作为博览会闭幕节目。 88# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔的精神 1923年埃菲尔去世时,他的铁塔仍是世界上最高的建筑物,这一记录一直保持到1930年纽约克莱斯勒大厦建成,它比埃菲尔铁塔仅高出几米。 100多年来,埃菲尔铁塔历经风雨,屹立在塞纳河边,并成为巴黎城市的组成部分。百岁铁塔并没有因时间推移而失去代表时尚的美名,它那高耸、浪漫的丰韵成为了法国的志。它凝聚着崇尚创新的法兰西民族精神,它张扬着近代科学文明的威力,它彰显着巴黎城市无穷的文化魅力。 当然,人们也不会忘记伟大的世界博览会,正是这样的一个创造、创新的舞台造就不朽的埃菲尔先生和永远的埃菲尔铁塔。 90# 老顽童thtsjy 1893年美国芝加哥世博会 而今我们日常生活中离不开的拉链是由美国工程师Whitcomb L Judson发明并在1893年芝加哥世博会上亮相。 ([]
“有体验,才够精彩!”Fjallraven 瑞典北极狐极地穿越第二季活动获奖结果如下:本次活动奖品已经寄出啦!还未向我们提供收获地址的童鞋抓紧时间喽~截止2013年5月15日,如未收到收获信息者将不再发奖。奖项\奖品获奖楼层地址8264ID一等奖 FjallravenKalfjall长裤https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1680545&page=181#pid28921421qqwangzhe1321二等奖Fjallraven Slade T恤https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1680545&page=190#pid28963555天涯人海https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1680545&page=195#pid28982416ヅ☆狼https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1680545&page=183#pid28928240风隔雨阻https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-29096056.htmltwfriendhttps//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-29082819.htmllzh45三等奖 FjallravenG-1000手机袋https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1680545&page=190#pid28961444江城和睦https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1680545&page=182#pid28925930雨末影https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1680545&page=181#pid28923530木子广大https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1680545&page=183#pid28929708过眼幸福https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-29212195.html冰凌银雪ylyhttps//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-29034851.html蒋笑笑https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-29008332.html小鸭内https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-28985947.htmlbj杰米https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-28937278.html脚掌https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-29042368.html铁丝https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-29045243.htmlに晓琳紫https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-29362249.htmltiantian12345https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-29883130.htmlshaqima009https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-29063790.html风筝断线https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-29083441.html1030985450https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-29064059.html4840971https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-29104840.html不锈阳光911https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-29070821.htmlrxk2008https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-28974568.html河南阿登https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-28979618.html零木兰https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-29361947.htmlhemingzhonghttps//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-29442566.html一杯清茶(河南https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-28919829.html小狼0505https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-28924197.html末末影的风https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-28929708.html过眼幸福https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-29019926.htmlzbl羽佳禾https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-29040044.html四王爷https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-29005753.htmlwuyinanhttps//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-28996229.html迷醉https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-29056035.htmltonnyxhttps//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1680545-pid-29044133.html石头成金以上获奖驴友请尽快将收货地址及信息以短消息的形式发给我们,我们将近期安排发奖!——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————"有体验,才够精彩"!有没有这样一个地方,你向往很久,却从未体验。你是否期待一段旅程,精彩万分?4月9日-13日,一群和你一样的年轻人,将驾驭狗拉雪橇,完成330km的极地穿越旅程!梦幻、非凡、冰雪童话圣地、极地的美让人惊叹!还有神奇梦幻的极光,拥有着无数美丽的传说。Fjallraven Polar(北极狐极地穿越)正在进行,邀您共同关注!一、本季活动时间:4.15-5.5二、本季参与方式:回复A+B两个问即可参与,我们建议B问以照片加文字形式跟帖参与并邀请好友评分。 A、在户外露营时,除掌握露营技巧外,露营装备能否起到很好的保护作用很重要,极地穿越途中,Fjallraven为队员们配备了全套装备,你知道为何Fjallraven帐篷和服装的颜色蓝色居多吗? 此次极地穿越活动中为穿越队员配备的是哪一款冲锋夹克?(此问答案可在@Fjallraven瑞典北极狐 官方微博探寻答案:https//126.am/AfIpF2)B、在北极地区,当地人称"北极光"为"revontulet",译为"狐狸火",拉普兰的冬至时分,在天气条件适宜的情况下,北极光将会频繁出现。分享你所见过的最美的户外美景(以图片+文字的形式) 三、评选规则自第1800楼起,我们将采用内容为主,点评为辅,综合评选的方式:1.回答A问(需要回答正确)+分享B主内容(图片漂亮,文字优美)2.可适当邀请好友点评,点评数及帖子质量较高者获奖几率较大。四.奖品设置一等奖:1名 Fjallraven Kalfjall长裤 价值1269元二等奖:5名 Fjallraven 瑞典原创T恤 价值369元参与奖:30名 全球限量版G-1000 IPHONE 手机袋奖品介绍: 一等奖:Fjallraven Kalfjall长裤:超轻、灵活的户外长裤,采用超轻G-1000®面料拼接高品质弹力布。腰部前低后高,使您在背包时也倍感舒适;立体剪裁设计,裤长可根据自身需要调节。 二等奖:Slade T恤 设计灵感来源于Fj228;llr8;ven的北极狐极地穿越活动,是一项乘狗拉雪橇穿越330公里极地冰原的活动,有着令人叹为观止的极地风光。 三等奖:Fjallraven G-1000®;全球限量版IPHONE手机套(也可作公交卡包~)五、活动背景:2013年4月9-13日,由瑞典Fjallraven(瑞典北极狐)公司主办的北欧冬季极地探险活动:Fjallraven Polar,即"北极狐极地穿越"再度启程,全程330公里的极地穿越始于北冰洋的挪[color=#000 !important]威海岸,终点到达瑞典境内的拉普兰山区。[color=#000 !important]欧洲地区经过40000多名网友的热情参与投票,1000多名参加者的角逐,最终选定20多名来自世界各地的活动参加者。只要配备必要的[color=#000 !important]户外装备,掌握必要的知识,普通人也可畅享这段旅程参加者将全程驾驭着狗拉雪撬穿越北极冰原,并在雪地露营,度过在奇幻的极光下的夜晚。 整个行程将有两位出色的瑞典户外专家全程陪同,他们会传授必要的冬季户外技巧和知识,帮助穿越队员从容面对此次探险挑战。只要配备必要的户外装备,掌握必要的知识,普通人也可以畅享北极圈以北令人叹为观止的自然景观。他们将穿越欧洲最后的净土,体验一生难忘的冬季探险历程。了解更多可关注2013 Fjallraven 瑞典北极狐极地穿越8264专:https//www.8264.com/topic/1455.html 六、视频介绍2013Fjallraven Polar北极狐极地穿越-有体验,才精彩4月9日,瑞典北极狐极地穿越队员抵达挪威,准备启程2013 Fjallraven瑞典北极狐极地穿越4月10日队员进入极地永冻土2013 Fjallraven瑞典北极狐极地穿越:湛蓝的天空2013 Fjallraven瑞典北极狐极地穿越:真正的雪地露营2013 Fjallraven瑞典北极狐极地穿越顺利抵达终点 第一季活动已经结束,以下为获奖楼层名单如下:(奖品已陆续发放,请大家及时查收)获奖ID奖品获奖楼层光影色彩G-1000笔记本12狂笑无痕G-1000笔记本31NSEWSINCENOWG-1000笔记本90。鹏小坏、G-1000笔记本112泓泉G-1000笔记本128qqwangzhe1321G-1000笔记本213雨末影G-1000笔记本291ヅ☆狼G-1000笔记本328胖胖惹人恨G-1000笔记本390鱼鱼—淘神G-1000笔记本429下一站幸福!G-1000笔记本498hemingzhongG-1000笔记本528杰米G-1000笔记本628无为无所不为G-1000笔记本791脚掌G-1000笔记本828慧语星空G-1000笔记本932江城和睦G-1000笔记本1090风筝断线G-1000笔记本1190天涯人海G-1000笔记本1215星际阿立G-1000笔记本1290洛阳山猫G-1000笔记本1312木子广大G-1000笔记本1328不是最美G-1000笔记本1390死树G-1000笔记本1412随风666G-1000笔记本1428过眼幸福G-1000笔记本1490tubuchufaG-1000笔记本1512yueyashaG-1000笔记本1528bulemeG-1000笔记本1590冰凌银雪ylyG-1000笔记本1612yirenlvxingG-1000笔记本1628风隔雨阻G-1000笔记本16904840971G-1000笔记本1712CATyeG-1000笔记本1728恭喜以上获奖者,请尽快将邮递信息(地址、联系方式、姓名)通过站内短消息发给我们,截至到4.25,过期无效,感谢大家对本季活动的支持,第二季活动已经开始,希望大家继续踊跃参加。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第一季已经结束,活动回顾:一、第一季活动时间:4.9-4.14二、参与方式:1.关注@Fjallraven瑞典北极狐新浪官方微博,参与微博活动,并将微博活动截图跟帖。 (参与以下任意微博活动,并将截图回复此贴即可参与)2.微博活动地址: (分享首次露营经历) https//126.am/aBxJK1 (分享户外与动物的互动经历) https//126.am/61c0f4 https//126.am/lPsVl3 (你想与谁一起去看极光) https//126.am/MZNmv2 https//126.am/nDBZA1 (有奖问答) https//126.am/cLpQk4 https//126.am/aKkBI1(分享你生命当中最向往的目的地及理由) https//126.am/q1nE81 [url=https//126.am/9iLrw4]https//126.am/9iLrw4[/url]三、评选规则及奖品设置:关于Fjallraven Polar北极狐极地穿越的"数字"故事:此次北极狐极地穿越活动的队员来自12个不同的国家,经过激烈的角逐最终选出28名队员,其中包括1030名网络投票选出的选手,这些人当中有一个共同点:他们全部是普通的户外爱好者,来自各行各业,有教师,有音乐家,有摄影师,有医生等等。瑞典北极狐极地穿越的地点距离北极圈200公里,活动倡导"有体验,才够精彩"的理念:只要具备必要的户外知识,配备正确的装备,普通人也可以完成这330公里极地穿越的壮举。此次活动中将有168只雪橇犬同北极狐极地穿越队员一同踏上征程,每一只雪橇装满物资后的重量为90公斤,而整个活动中,队员们的食物总重量是540公斤。我们将采用以上数字来分配论坛参与奖品:1.根据活动规则参与活动的楼层后两位尾数为12、28和90(12、112、212…)楼的驴友将免费获得: 全球限量版Fjallraven G-1000笔记本一个。(如果获奖楼层未参与活动,此楼层奖项取消。)2.根据活动规则参与活动的楼层数为168、200、330楼的驴友将获得:价值199元的Fjallraven G-1000旅行腰包一个。3.根据活动规则参与活动的楼层数为540楼和1030楼的驴友将免费获得: 价值599元的Fjallraven Packer G-1000旅行背包一个。备注:1. 同一ID不重复获奖。(按照最高奖项发奖,重复的小奖项下移。)2. 如获奖楼层的驴友未按照活动规则参与活动(即并未将参与微博活动的截图回复此贴等),则递增一个楼层直到满足规则的人获选。3.为防止恶意刷票,获奖楼层ID与上一楼层ID相同者取消获奖资格,奖品下移。4月8日,来自世界各地的2013瑞典北极狐极地穿越队员们抵达斯德哥尔摩市中心,在这里,大家与未来4天同甘共苦的伙伴们相见,并接受瑞典北极狐户外专家Johan先生的极地穿越、生存、装备知识培训。来自美国的MICHEL,捷克的Vera、德国的Stephanie正在认真倾听Johan先生的讲座。Johan正在为大家讲解Fjallraven极地服装的正确穿着和使用方法.来自美国的LARRY和挪威的ANDREAS拿到了自己的极地穿越装备,非常开心!Fjallraven的顶级极地穿越装备将为他们未来4天的探险旅程保驾护航Johan正在讲述在户外着装当中分层的重要性,而对于极地穿越这样条件严峻气候变化多端的活动,正确的分层着装显得尤为重要。不同于我们已知的分层着装理念,Johan认为户外分层着装应该是一个动态的,可以根据野外条件而灵活调整的概念。大家的首场“Fjallraven装备秀”!现代舞蹈艺术的风格有木有!终于拿到自己的装备啦!接下来是最重要的培训之一:雪地扎营实地培训。今年来参加活动的户外爱好者们都不是专业人士,之前从未有过在雪地露营的经验,通过这个野外实地扎营培训,大家将掌握重要的在极地冰雪环境扎营的要领每个组的成员正在实践Johan传授的扎营方法他们要反复练习几次,确保完全掌握了雪地扎营要领Johan正在讲解在严峻条件下的重要的扎营要领,如暴风雪当中如何保证帐篷整晚的稳固和防风效果,这些技巧对于未来几天的行程非常重要,可以说是保命的。 Fjallraven的零下30度极地防寒睡袋,其保暖效果出色到睡在里面甚至可以不用帐篷,你信么?不信的话请继续关注未来几天的行程。。。今年的队员当中也不乏帅哥美女呀!!!强烈要求大家来围观!看来大家都准备的比较充足了!来张出发之前的合影吧!来自12个国家的28名队员与Fjallraven极地穿越活动总领队Johan先生、活动总监Andreas 先生的团体合影!!更多行程播报,明日继续更新!中途休息队员们用国旗装饰的冰屋。今天Johan继续把大家召集在一起,培训的内容是如何在帐篷中睡的更有“效率”。虽然大多数人都有过露营经验,但从来没有想过原来帐篷里睡觉也有门道可讲,也有技巧可循。北极狐的极地睡袋有一个不错的功能,两侧拉链都可以拉开,这样当你在帐篷里面整理物品时,完全可以把睡袋当件马甲来穿,即不会冻到,又灵活方便。检查点的刀旗~对首次参加北极狐极地穿越的队员来说,如何稳定的驾驶狗拉雪橇成为一门必修功课。队员们正在准备狗狗的食物一望无际的北极冰原地带充满了无线遐想与神秘终于到了晚餐时间,大家准备做一顿丰盛的大餐极地穿越途中为解决网络问,Fjallraven为队员配备了卫星网络平台,途中,Beatrice正在安装卫星终端,用于穿越途中上传视频及图片。Johan Skullman, 北极狐资深产品专家、户外专家。他曾是瑞典武装部队的军官,并拥有30多年的专业户外经验,能够应对极恶劣的户外天气条件。此次穿越活动中Johan全程陪同北极狐极地穿越队员,并传授穿越北极寒带必备的生存技能。来自美国的Craig and Kyle([]
此贴荣获过奥斯卡小金驴,女儿五岁了,还多了个一岁的二小姐,现在的我是一名仕潜水员训练官,每天和大海相伴。在地球上行走,再做一次这样的自己。 3月12日青岛出发,5月6日返回家乡,辞掉工作继续30岁的独自旅行下篇。坚守在国外最久的好友三皮,也已经归国,这个夏天我也重新开始工作,重返往日的生活,承担起家庭的责任。 发6000张图片试试找回过去的记忆,记录一段平凡人生的传奇。 我们在路上坚守过火车、车站、还有机场......住过旅店、宿舍、还有民居......为琐事气过,吵过,骂过......甚至独自在路边睡过,流浪,被抢过......这种种经历,才换来了我们在象背上的这份快乐,换来了这个值得我们回味一生的帖子。 听完我们兴奋的描述后,朋友会问:“吃过这些苦头还想出去吗?”老婆随口一句“不出去怎么能知道这些呢”,成为我最大的满足。 “你最喜欢其中哪个国家?”我不加思索会说:一定是老挝,那里贫穷到每人至少住一栋带院子的木屋,每天吃不饱肚子脸上却总会带着欢笑。那里早上会把一天最好的食物拿来布施,每天都是在快乐中开始。那里有夕阳下的湄公河,直接把你冲到四千美岛的下一个国度,那里还有我的情人琅勃拉邦,会让你心甘情愿的躺在她的怀中微笑。 “最讨厌哪个地方呢 ”一定是越南河内,那里的空气充满了唯利主义的臭味,充满对中国人的敌意,除了对个别有钱人。欢迎朋友们使用电梯,直达你感兴趣的内容。最终行程:青岛—天津—吉隆坡—马六甲—普吉岛—攀牙弯—甲米—曼谷—彭世罗—素可泰—清迈—拜县—清莱—清孔—琅勃拉邦—万象—沙拿瓦吉—巴色—占巴塞—四千美岛—上丁—桔井—磅湛—磅同—暹粒—马德望—金边—戈公—西哈努克—贡布—湄公河三角洲—西贡—大叻—芽庄—会安—顺化—河内—南宁—回家 2个月时间途径5个国家35座城市,N型走遍整个印支半岛。原计划一路与老婆同行,因为要筹备孩子上幼儿园,只好在老挝提前送爱人回国,独自继续走完全程,所以帖子上半部分是蜜月式的旅行,下半部分是流浪式的徒步。其实路上条件并不算太艰苦,在安全的情况下做到尽量节省开销,总花费没有超12000人民币。证 约1200人民币马来西亚72小时临时入境许可免费。(入境必须有第三国证和离境机票)泰国个人旅游淘宝250*2人民币。(为省马)老挝在会晒落地一个月20*2美金,关口小费2美金。柬埔寨在万象三个月20美金,关口小费1+2美金。越南在西哈努克一个月45美金,关口小费2美金。机票:1240人民币提前一年抢的两张亚航单程机票14日天津到吉隆坡17日吉隆坡到普吉岛。 七次骑行 当地租自行车是最经济方便的游览方式,作为青岛人的我,以前从来不敢上路骑车,素可泰P370、占巴塞P1053、四千美岛P1100、磅同三波寺P1187、大小外吴哥窟4天P1229、马德望P1432、会安,骑行让我节省了不少金钱和时间。骑车探索素可泰、三波寺、暹粒这样的历史遗迹实现了我幼年时成为探险家的梦想,去巴色、四千美、马德望、会安这样的小镇让我又变成了一位出色的旅行家。骑大象嬉水泰国拜县2个人骑一头大象,1.5小时还可以一起下河洗澡,只需要700泰铢。P626慢船漂流 会晒至琅勃拉邦推荐走水路坐慢船,上午1100发船,中途在巴本住宿一晚,第二天下午到达琅勃拉邦,沿途没有多美的风景,主要是体验那种在大自然漂泊的感觉。P676五次游泳 第一次普吉岛下P119、第二次琅勃拉邦南康河口下P853、第三次占巴塞旅店下P1074 、 第四次四千美岛沙滩下P1161、第五次芽庄船下P1788。万象暴雨中迷路 原本计划上午到柬埔寨大使馆申请证,下午取后直接南下沙瓦拿吉。到达使馆就我一个人,破例给了三个月证还是立即取。惊喜之后看地图往城南继续徒步,寻找所谓的南方车站,不知不觉2个小时都快走到泰国口岸了才知道彻底迷路了,当地人也听不懂我的英语,问过交警才大体知道我南辕北辙了。我只听明白了直走30,是分钟吗?这时下起了瓢泼大雨,一个人背着重负走在泥泞的公路上,伸手搭车却无人理会,临时避雨又怕耽搁时间。结果走了30公里绕过市中心直至雨停,到车站已经是下午4点,南方车站在城市的东北角太晕了。P982第一次逃票失败 一早2小时的骑行到达占巴塞景区,发现傍边的小路返栏杆可以进入,成功游览结束回来找自行车时,被保安发现放狼狗追赶,用尽全力狂蹬才平安逃脱,提醒大家逃票有风险,请量力而行。P1072探秘吴哥窟建议去暹粒之前了解下印度教的两部史诗《摩柯婆罗多》《罗摩衍那》以及吴哥历史,最好能看下周达观关于《真腊风土记》等书籍 ,才会对这些乱石头产生兴趣。这里迷人的雕塑有种魔力让我忘记自己的存在,仿佛带我穿越到了吴哥时代。4月柬埔寨芒果熟了 骑车到市场想买个芒果,“ONE”结果同样的价格给我六大个足足有一公斤,。原来路边几块钱的芒果批发才几毛钱呀,4月份去柬埔寨的朋友们记得芒果可以撑死人哦。泼水节 过节暹粒城里并没有什么气氛,第一天遇到几位中国人一起到酒吧小聚,第二天再次巧遇上海朋友请我吃饭,第三天以为会有狂欢结果依然冷清。反而到了小城马德望才让我真正体验到泼水的乐趣,滑石粉、水袋、水管、脸盆、甚至还有洒水车。。。三次哈酒东南亚品尝过的美酒推荐:老挝啤酒P674、柬埔寨大力士P1486、越南地摊散啤P1832。海岛游 在芽庄同样是南海的海岸线,景色也大致相同,一次6美金的四岛游却让我对快乐有了新的体会。动的时候像孩子一样玩的肆无忌惮,第一次从船顶跳水,第一次在海里喝威士忌,第一次在一群老外面前唱吻别。。。静的时候像老人一样漫步在晚风,在海滩躺椅上和香港女孩聊一次人生,跟来自不同国度的朋友一起在船头欣赏夕阳,看着法国女孩低头默默写下对旅行的记忆。生活原本是这样的美好,回到人群中的我们又开始自欺欺人的生活,只为自己的快乐叫自私,为别人快乐又被看成虚伪。。。。不要在乎别人的眼光,不要在镜子里看自己,单纯的海岛游真的非常难忘。越南美术馆 天热的时候博物馆是个吹空调的好地方,有充裕的时间偷拍下所有展品语言水平英语:excuse me;I want to...; thank you基本三句。数字1-1012和20别搞错。汉语:只有你说中文的时候,才会知道周围有会用中文帮你。手语:必须掌握,一个正确的眼神和动作可以省去很多周折。上学时迷上玩《仙剑奇侠传》,梦想成为一位风流盖世云游天下的侠客。 点击故事链接蓝色字可以选关 第一关天津津门故里第二关吉隆坡娘惹风情第三关安达曼度假天堂第四关曼谷迷失暹罗第五关清迈小城故事第六关老挝北寮国万象第七关老挝南世外桃源第八关柬埔寨真腊风情第九关湄公河法式风情第十关南越吹吹海风第十一关北越红河风云第十二关南宁边陲之都 孩子未满周岁胁迫老婆去迪拜享受一次世界最顶级的酒店,孩子刚一岁就辞掉工作独自在尼泊尔全程徒步珠峰EBC,孩子二岁时的这次旅行,甚至抛下爱人独自前进...... 这样一个自私的大男孩到底在寻找什么? 不鼓励也不反对大家选择走我的路,30岁间隔年辞掉工作,开始一次冲动的旅行,改变不了自己什么,重要的是让我们体会到努力去看清自己的那份心情。“在地球上旅行”从另一个更宽的角度看自己,生命总有一天要离去, 美丽的风景也只能是留恋。不停的寻找自己,去挑战自己,去抒写属于自己的故事,才是我选择的旅程。祝愿每个朋友们都能有一次这样属于自己的难忘旅行。最放松的动作,可以自由的呼吸。。。最专业的姿势,行走在各种古庙遗迹中。。。 上篇:一使劲走到珠峰脚下——青岛出发没有飞机的EBC游记https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1140534-1-1.html 我突然有种想写本书的念头,目起名《在地球上旅行》记录我的第一个间隔年,一个曾想通过辞职旅行改变人生的傻小子,旅行回来才发现只是做了一场梦,回到现实生活中,以后的道路会更艰辛。提醒那些想走间隔年的朋友,一段旅行是精彩生活的缩写,结局不一定都是完美,更多的是烙在你心底的那次印记,青春无悔。 最喜欢的一件衣服,有地图问路方便多了。最脏的一张脸,完全成了柬埔寨人。当时我站在马蜂窝下休息,因为个子高抬头发现的时候差点顶头上。《未选择的路-弗罗斯特》黄色的树林里分出两条路可惜我不能同时去涉足我在那路口久久伫立向着一条路极目望去直到它消失在丛林深处但我却选择了另外一条路它荒草萋萋,十分幽寂显得更诱人,更美丽虽然在这两条小路上都很少留下旅人的足迹虽然那天清晨落叶满地两条路都未经脚步污染呵,留下一条路等改日再见!但我知道路径延绵无尽头恐怕我难以再返回也许多少年后在某个地方我将轻声叹息将往事回顾一片树林里分出两条路——而我选择了人迹更少的一条从此决定了我一生的道路 开篇 第一关 2012年3月13日天津 行程的第一天,一切安排的井井有条,晚上听了场相声是我最初对天津的期望,这也是我陪爱人第一次看演出。今后每段行程在我眼里都是在通关,等一切变的没有计划的时候,这种自虐的旅行,老婆随时会因此发脾气,我也没有信心能照顾和控制好她的情绪,这是我们之间存在的最大考验。实际的天津空气比我想象中干净多了,听着身边的天津口音,从河边漫步至古文化街。 没想到天津也是个威尼斯水城,环境治理的很好。有《福》是个最好的开始,是寓意我们这次寻找幸福的旅程会圆满成功。 K1054住火车硬座(103*2=206),凌晨400到达天津站,麦当劳蹭睡等待天亮。这是爱人结婚6年来第二次坐火车,第一次做硬座,也是此次行程第一天熬夜。为什么拖她出来遭罪呢?是挥霍最后的一点生活积蓄,是激励她开始找份工作踏入社会,还是我的自私固执自找苦吃呢?就让我们在旅途中寻找答案吧。天亮了 此次旅行仅有的几张自己的照片,这是用卡片机拍的很模糊,为了节省容量我的D90设置成小照片,最后快回来了才发现剩下很多空间,我真是个很抠门的人呀。这照片越看越好笑,可能是衣服和装备太不搭了,像头带着眼睛的土驴,真是没有钱添置什么装备了,一路随其自然吧。上面是我出发时第一张自拍,下面是越南最后第一张自拍。变身成蜘蛛侠!天津天气还挺冷,我们为了减少装备只好挨冻了,这时东南亚现在可是最热的季节。天津的早晨,从沉睡的历史中起来伸伸懒腰吧。 忘了这是吃的什么了?大家帮我看看。此次行程唯一住过的正规旅店,100元一间提前网上预定的,溜达了半天才找到。没有窗户,全开放式的布局,房间大小赶上香港青衣,这个价格算不错的了。 两张不同的照片,不同的地点,却是相同的感受,对于背包客都应该喜欢看到自己背影,刚喜欢上一个城市就要绝情的奔向下一个目的地。没有了心里的重负,再重的背负也是轻省的,我能勇敢的面对脚下的路,却不愿面对与人交流,这次旅行第一次释放了自我。从尼泊尔回来,我迷上了孤独星球LP,喜欢上了徒步行走。我的新浪微博也起名为《在地球上旅行》,生命就是次最精彩的旅行,有一天离开后也会想念着地球上的这份美好! 酒店睡到天黑,演出还没开始,来到快餐店对窗外的行人发呆。要告别喧嚣的城市踏上属于我们自己的旅行,仿佛我们单纯的灵魂不属于这个城市,在黑幕下被反射出来。 这个演员我最喜欢,肢体语言特别丰富,口才也特别棒。这个穿红褂子的演员是给我卖票的那位小哥。在砍自己脖子的这位演员太像曾轶可了。 3月14日 顺利找到公交专线去机场,没有马来西亚证,我准备了泰国机票能证明72小时离境,边防却没看就直接过了,太不刺激了。老婆又开始发脾气了,她经常这样请大家别奇怪,结婚都吵到五年了,最后总是我认错,承认她所谓的理由,希望这次旅行能让我们都成熟点,发脾气无非是提醒我她的存在,看我还是否在乎她的把戏。做公交车我时间计算的充裕了些,到闸口比较早没什么人,遇到一个独自到马来西亚去打工的大姐,做什么就不用多说了,人挺热情的更我们聊了一会儿,我才知道她也没有证。 亚航不会在飞机上省钱,机仓条件挺舒适,这比其他廉价航空公司要好多了。她的表情中可以看出,对这次旅行的不情愿,我的年少轻狂呀。窗外那是我实现梦想的翅膀,自由翱翔吧。虽然这不是我们第一次撇下孩子出国旅行,可说服老婆跟我走上飞机,真是花了不少心思,我总是固持己见逼她听我的,一起走过奇妙的丁丁历险记。 第二关3月15日凌晨到达吉隆坡,开始短暂的3天马来西亚之旅办理过境手续 亚航机场,出口左面的走廊里有排ATM机,我提前办理的华夏银行储蓄卡免汇兑手续费。省钱能证明我很厉害的样子,第一次在当地银行的机器上取200马币,观察一会儿别人取钱的程序后才放心操作,结果操作成功后钱没有吐出来。打印的纸条我也看不懂,周围都是外国人担心讲不明白,当时特别着急,不想让老婆看笑话,随后把她安排到快餐店里休息,我才到处求助。在机场转了一圈也没有问出个什么,回来的路上沮丧的想,只好2个月后回国再投诉了,那时银行认不认账就不知道了。手上只有美金和泰铢,汇兑处也不知道在哪里,只好鼓足勇气再到旁边汇丰银行ATM是再取一次,结果成功扣我2马币手续费,钱总算出来了。之后到了泰国清迈再次取钱,查询银行余额才放心,原来只是虚惊一场。睡在国内到达口墙角的座椅上,可能因为喷杀虫药被撵出。最后才找到旁边的大餐厅,才安心入睡。好在机场没有蚊子,应该带上扑克。这晚上我没有睡,一是刚出来还在兴头上,再就是下一步还没着落呢。 清晨的亚航机场,转了很长时间才搞明白去马六甲的车,买票是在国内到达口里面的柜台。一晚上焦虑的没有合上眼,不会几句英语往后的路怎么走呀?手里准备了快译通和字典,实际用起来很不方便,以后敢交流了又基本成了累赘。顾虑多了就不想往前走了,往前走了问总会解决的,就这样一步步走回来的。照片中的这个餐厅价格已经很实惠了,当时还感觉贵,回来的时候才敢饱餐了一顿。马来西亚3天的旅程,我们2个人没有用上200马币,剩下的在机场又换了点泰铢。机场挺简陋,第一次感觉到东南亚的天际线好舒服。 机场去市区的大巴,回来的时候做过,座椅是皮制的。这是我们去马六甲的大巴,我们做最前面,算是一晚上熬夜的补偿了。马来西亚的大巴车内设施很棒,空调很冷建议最好带件外套。 行驶大约3个小时到达马六甲。在马六甲旅社的餐厅,老板是个年轻的马驴,入住时给我们仔细介绍了周围的注意事项,让我感到一种很专业的服务,风扇房还给我们免费换成空调房很感谢他的照顾。窗外就是摩天观光轮,交通确实挺方便,翻过窗前那小山就是红屋了。才发现我们靠在一起的水杯,最后都没有带回来。哈哈可以坐在桌子上看外面的夜景,逐渐的进入旅行的角色。 单反拍的窗外,能旋转升至马六甲的最高点观景,行程刚开始没敢把钱花在玩上。车站等车的人们都带这么多的孩子,天朝子民只有一个真的好吗?这也有观光黄包三轮车。 小插曲:大巴是停在城外的汽车站,做公交车去旅社的时候,我说了个地名找酒店,结果车停在当地最好的五星酒店门口,让我们的下车,感觉到大家的眼神以为我们真住在这里,谁知道我们是住的旅社的穷驴,我们那旅店站在门口都不找到到,问了几个人才找到,原来就在眼前,门口是个玻璃门只有个门铃,走进去老板早有准备,立刻认出我们。马六甲和吉隆坡的房间因为知道贵,所以都是提前网上预订的。实际条件比我想的好多了,房间干净卫生,老板也对我们很有友善。 中午简单休息了一会,洗了个热水澡,出发去逛逛吧。东南亚的洗澡水都是即热式的,门外有个红色开关,要先打开才可以放热水,不知道为什么要这样设计?可能是考虑安全吧。这个楼道感觉很清新,看来老板是个有品味的人。走下红地毯一起出去看看吧 红屋的红色很特别,也是当地的代表色。马六甲以前的官邸外面很热我还穿长衣长裤,身后是消防车开来以前能热出火来。 著名的荷兰红屋(The Stadthuys),又被称作荷兰广场,位于马六甲市旧区。它建于1650年,曾经是荷兰总督的官邸,因其深红色的墙壁而闻名于世。在荷兰统治马六甲时期,和东南亚其他荷兰行政办公楼一样,荷兰红屋也是白色的。由于1824年订了安格鲁-荷兰条款,马六甲从荷兰殖民地转变为英国殖民地。在1911年,英国政府将荷兰红屋和基督教堂粉刷成为深红色。荷兰白色的风车华人街与红屋一河之隔我 也 是 大力士 看她那眼神,我要吃这个....赖下不走了。一家华人开的老店,和老板聊的火热....墙上有些名人的合影。味道挺不错,主要是可以用中文交流了。 在南洋有这样正宗的庙,能感受的当地华人对家乡的那份怀念。中午人们都在睡觉吧国内的东西这里基本都有,人少就是好呀。 3月16日 早上起来去马六甲看日出,下午准备坐车回吉隆坡了中国和马六甲海峡有着很深的渊源。历史上,中国航海家通过这条海峡的时间要远远早于西方人。15世纪初的明朝永乐年间,郑和率领庞大的舰队,穿过马六甲海峡,破万顷碧浪,驶过浩瀚的印度洋,将中国人的足迹留在了西亚和东非。时至今日,马六甲海峡沿岸仍保留着中国境外最大的华人墓地,从航运上来说,海峡距中国领海很近,是中国通往印度洋的重要通道,怎么没有船?马六甲海盗很有名在哪呢? 周围的白色小巷,荷兰还有白色的郁金香,有种颜色就叫做荷兰白。旁边的农贸市场我们在这片房屋的某扇窗户里,留下过一夜的足迹,这座积木搭建的城市叫着马六甲。 吸引我的不是风景,而是我们曾经来到过这里,感受过这里的烈日和海风。 圣保罗山上的圣地亚哥城堡是马六甲三最重最坚固的城堡,为16世纪初期的葡式建筑物,号称东南亚最大和最坚固的城堡。这座城堡依山而筑、地势险要、全部用巨石砌成,并且用葡萄牙的保护神——圣地亚哥来命名。这座最坚固的城堡在150多年内经受了许多次攻击都岿然不动,最后,英国人只好用重炮彻底摧毁了这座宁死不屈的石头城。现在,只剩下一座城门幸免于难,当地人把它称作“没有墙的城门”。城堡被当地人视为马六甲的精神象征。幸存的古城门是一座西欧式的古代建筑,城门上雕刻着粗犷的图案,顶端还有一座长形的小拱门,好象头上戴了一顶帽子。右边的炮楼保存至今。城门内有个地洞,据说这条地下通道可直通山顶。感谢上帝,我们这次旅程一切都被你安排妥当,指引我走上寻求真理和自由的天路,异国他乡到处有你的存在,见证着你的旨意,阿门。 无意中照到这一家三口,后来和我们一起去的车站。 从这里转乘火车才能到达市中心([
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