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浮梁八卦形古城坐落保存最完整的清代五品古县衙,曾经繁华梦,万国求瓷茶.本帖精华及主要图片放在帖子后面,请读贴的朋友关注!一块饱经岁月留存下来的砖头也往往比拆掉重建的城郭更让人感动,体制是文化的躯壳,游览过后照亮的确是现在-------------轻松,浮梁县旧县城,自唐代以来,一直是浮梁县治所在。浮梁自古以来一直是“望县”,其县署品级为五品,高出一般县署 2级(一般县为七品)。较高的政治地位是因为其重要的经济地位,原由便是当地灿烂的陶瓷文化和茶文化。(中国古代的三大国际贸易为:瓷器、茶叶和丝绸。) 景区以五品古县衙和千年红塔为核心,浓缩了千年古县悠久的人文历史和灿烂的茶瓷文化,被誉为“江南第一衙”。轻松,谢谢同行的小妖拍的到此一游的留影照片,代表一行5人也谢谢好友明月提供的车辆。 城门楼高 15.6米,由城墙、主楼和角楼组成。主楼座落在8米高的城墙之上下筑券门洞 ,洞顶甚高,底阔 3米多。中部为主楼。门楼面阔5间,进深3米,重檐三滴水,歇山顶; 据称是唐代留下的古狮雕刻,形态动态雄壮有力,动态可掬,这算是这里最老的遗存;巍峨耸立的宋代红塔有“江西第一塔”之称 红塔又名西塔,“西塔夕照”为历史上著名的昌江八景之一。记载了浮梁一千三百多年要事珍闻和浮梁作为瓷都之源的发展历程。 全塔共七层,从地坪至复盆顶塔高37.8米。塔身皆用大型青砖实砌,每层均用青砖叠砌出外挑平台,不设钩栏。 红塔反映了北宋初期塔的建筑外貌和艺术造型的时代特征,是座具有融合中国古塔特殊风格和江南建筑特色的佛塔。“西塔夕照”为古代昌江著名风景之一,若春和景明或秋高气爽,则有“文照胜朝晖,紫烟连霄汉”的壮观。 红塔的历史渊源和典故; 现保留有头门、仪门、衙院、大堂、二堂及三堂,基本保持了县衙原有风貌。整座建筑布局多路,错落有致,廊道相接浑然一体。 江西省景德镇浮梁旧县城始建于唐朝元和十一年(公元817年),距今有一千一百八十多年的历史。这里已发展为以名胜古迹为特色,以历史文化为内涵的独特旅游区。 浮梁古城八卦形的城廓轮廓; 古县衙的建筑具有徽派与赣派相结合的特点,最具特点的是县署里面的楹联,其丰富的内涵,涵盖了封建社会地方官处事方法和原则; 唐代诗人白居易在《琵琶行》中有诗句曾叹:“商人重利轻别离,前月浮梁买茶去”。根据《新唐书·食物志》记载:“浮梁每岁产茶七百万驮,税十五万贯”(这个数字相当于当时朝廷茶叶税的八分之三,为全国之首)。 浮梁古县衙景区地处长江三角洲、珠江三角洲、闽东南“金三角”,长江中游经济区和京九铁路经济带结合部中心地区; 仔细观察会发现,这座县衙的规制有越级之处,浮梁原本只是一个县,按理县官只有七品的官阶,但浮梁的县衙确是五品的规制 古县衙,建于清朝道光年间,距今 170年,占地64495平方米(95亩) 全木质结构,徽派建筑木式结构体系; 整个设计给人的感觉是庄严和轻松并存,厚重与俏雅生辉,建筑艺术实为“奇妙”,同时也显示出封建衙门特有的那种官府威严气派。 体制完整,刑房,兵房,工房均具备;想想现在的公务员的数量,不得不让人心生感慨; “帝制早废,县衙犹存”,“珍贵史迹,进门有益” 这里的建筑院落,充分体现了徽派建筑的四水归一的理念; 衙署内陈列了古代官服、刑具、十八般兵器、讯杖、官轿、夹棍, 五品的县令也许相当于现在的副省级地市级别; 根据《新唐书·食物志》记载:“浮梁每岁产茶七百万驮,税十五万贯”(这个数字相当于当时朝廷茶叶税的八分之三,为全国之首)。 议事厅,相当于现在的常委会议室;([]
最新章节: 第521章 奥特曼 ( 2024-06-26 11:13:28)
更新时间: 2024-06-26 10:32:28
从蜜月选择海岛游开始,我们对海岛似乎有种别样的执着。在一般人里面相似雷同的海水沙滩,在我们眼里都会衍生出千百万种的魅力与诱惑。虽然去年10月才刚去过巴厘岛,但是今年的境外第一站,我们依旧在众人不解的目光中选择了同样是海岛的巴拉望。其实没有一个海岛是可以完全被复制的,所以永远不要去担心你去海岛将要看到的风景是与之前类似的,我相信每一个海岛都有属于自己的灵魂与主。如果说巴厘岛是一首华丽的重奏交响曲,巴拉望就是纯朴自然的悠长小调。它回旋于起伏蜿蜒的山路,飘荡在森森绿意的牧野,徘徊于每一个绚烂到不可思议的日落黄昏,纵情于每一片不知名的碧海蓝天。如果你愿意抛却偏见,你会发现,为什么巴拉望被称为菲律宾最后的处女地,神秘的海上乌托邦。 巴拉望在哪?这是出行前身边朋友从我口中听到这个目的地后问得最多的问。对于我而言,也是1,2年前看了一篇游记才知道菲律宾除了人满为患的长滩,还有这样清净别致的海岛。我们在那待了8天7夜,遇到的国人数量以个位数计。诚然,巴拉望商业开发程度低,交通不便道路状况差,某些生活设施远没有长滩那么方便,所以吸引不了那么多游客趋之若鹜。可是,想象一下这样的画面:仿佛伸手可及的蓝天白云,阳光下晶莹闪烁的果冻色海浪,空无一人只有喵星人陪你的私家海滩,会对陌生人友善微笑的当地人民,阳光下无忧无虑玩耍嬉戏的当地孩童,在路边随意绽放的那一树树凤凰花,这些并非可望不可及的天堂缩影,这是每时每刻正在巴拉望发生的场景。如果,只想想安安静静度个假,知道这些后会不会更坚定你前往的决心?0084;新浪微博:@shirley雪梨酱❤任何旅行相关的问欢迎微博私信,我看到后就会回复 百度上有不少介绍巴拉望的资料,结合那些加上我实地获得的资讯就是:巴拉望是个菲律宾西南部一个狭长型的海岛,全长400多公里。在这个拥有 11785平方公里面积、1700多个小岛的省级区域,却只有一个可以起落737机型的飞机场,因此得以保证一贯的低调与寂静。曾先后被西班牙和日本殖民 统治过,公主港是它的首府,行走其间不难发现殖民和战争留下的痕迹。后因为圣保罗地底河的发现渐渐被世人所知。巴拉望的如梦似幻当然并不仅限于它神秘古老的气质,在这里,生长着很多世界其他地方遍寻不到的珍稀动物和奇花异草。同时,巴拉望拥有世界上最好的水体,水域中遍布珊瑚和珊瑚礁,为颜色各异和种类繁多的珊瑚鱼、小梭鱼、灰礁鲨以及其他形式的海洋生物提供了欢乐的港湾。巴拉望因为交通不便,虽然有自由行的可能,但是对于平日里已经劳心劳力的上班族来说,实在没有那么多精力去编排。巴拉望虽然是个狭长型的岛屿,但通常的玩法是选1-2个地方重点玩,不会像之前在巴厘岛那样整个岛屿全线铺开。所以我俩根据自身的喜好,商量后大致圈定了公主港+爱妮岛阿普莉这两个点。订票订房、交通衔接事宜就全权交给了旅行社去安排,我们乐得再次作个甩手掌柜。之前去巴厘岛对旅行社的私家团玩法很满意,不过巴拉望暂时没有这种高大上的服务,但是依旧可以让游客自己制定行程,去每个地方都确保有随行的车辆、导游。没有普通旅行团的吵吵嚷嚷,也没有被强迫购物的烦恼,我们只顾着享受度假的乐趣就好,省心省力省钱又充满安全感。上海到巴拉望没有直飞航线,通常都要去马尼拉转机,再从马尼拉搭乘飞往公主港或者科隆的航班。飞巴拉望最常用的航空公司就是菲律宾航空与宿雾太平洋航空,这次我们选择的后者。是菲律宾第二大的航空公司,虽然是廉价航空,但是飞机很新,服务不错,餐食尚可,国际段椅背可以轻微调节。还有一点似乎是所有东南亚航空的共同点,那就是冷气开得非常足还没有毛毯。回程的时候看到周围所有人都穿上长袖长裤全副武装的样子,不免觉得那场面实在太美了!第一晚&第二晚ONE MANALO PLACE玛娜洛设计酒店位于公主港的市中心,离机场很近,所以第一、二晚的住宿就安排在这里了。因为公主港本身不大,加之我们出行都有车辆接送,所以觉得从酒店出发去哪里的车程都很近(出海不算),周围就有一家非常不错的按摩店(我们接连光顾了两天),酒店对面有一家我们认为整个公主港数一数二的猪肋排餐厅。进门就是个逼格甚高的泳池,泳池一侧是极具现代简约气息的套房,名叫设计酒店名副其实。房间走的也是简约路线,空间还算宽敞,该有的洗漱用品也一应俱全。菲律宾90%以上的民众信奉天主教,房间床头还放安放了两本圣经,莫不是住客里教徒很多?第三晚&第四晚 BLUE BEACH CLUBS PALAWAN位于公主港的海边,地处幽静,但是离罗宾森百货非常近。酒店是度假村性质,所有房间都是联排或独栋的小Villa,度假村还有个小型的私人沙滩,平时几乎没有人,看日出与日落都很棒,我们在那里拍了许多满意的照片。清晨傍晚在泳池边坐坐吹吹风都会感觉特别惬意,偶尔还有喵星人从身边飘过,比起one manalo这里的度假氛围更浓。房间是纯白的色调,茅草的屋顶白色的纱幔,风格比较朴实自然,但是卫生间还做到了干湿分离。虽然地处偏僻,但是前台有叫车服务,一辆tricycle可以帮你带到公主港的任何地方,不用因为度假村的位置而担心。([]
毎年秋天都会跟老伴去旅游,去年走了很精彩的新藏线,今年该去哪儿?国內一般的景点嘛......沒兴趣.在论坛內找目吧!尼泊尔的帖子越看越吸引,由其是"塞外老K"的帖子,他们的年纪只比我们大了一点点负重徒步嘛....想信自己也能7月开始计划旅程,订机票丶行程安排,全都是我一手包办,老伴就坐享其成,不过老伴还是有功勞的,就是我的翻译,值得表扬lol出发前沒想到尼泊尔之行会是这么精彩,吃喝玩乐,应有尽有,徒步丶泡温泉丶骑大象丶骑车丶发呆,还遇上大 选 前热闹的拉票活动,还有整个加德满都的商店罢市和罢工.建议提早3个月前买机票会便宜很多的,我在7月初订东方航空,广州-昆明-加德满都 往返机票合共3400元/人(包含所有费用)尽量不要入住中国人开的旅馆,因为房价会比尼泊尔人开的旅馆贵得多,如果你跟同伴一点点英语都不会的话,那只好被中国人任意宰割了!(中国人开的泰山青年旅舍,我问双人间的房价是多少,回答说这里是一张床来算的,收费60元人民币,2个人就是2张床,收费120元人民币.严重鄙视这店),当地人开的酒店比较干净和房间面积较大,双人间大多是700Rs/44元人民币我到达尼泊尔时的兑换率是 116 尼泊尔之行重点是,不用向导和背夫,要好好享受负重徒步的苦与乐.跟老伴一起研究了3条徏歩路线.1.EBC2.安纳普娜大环线3.安纳普娜小环线+POON HILL+ANNAPURNA BASE CAMP(简称ABC)经过商量和衡量我的体能后,决定走3.安纳普娜小环线+POON HILL+ABC因为我们是负重徒歨,而且我的步伐比较慢,预算要走12天,一般人都是在8天之內完成的.之前发的图片尺寸缩得太小,不好看.要抽些时间更換大一点的图片给自己看也好^_^10月16日东方航空 MU5704 0720 广州-昆明MU757 1435 昆明-加德满都(廷迟1个多小时才起飞)尼泊尔时间比北京时间慢2小时15分.往后的全用尼泊尔时间.大约1700到达加都机场,出了海关后便先去拿免费的地图,然后找车去泰米尔区,还未出机场门口,便有很多人走过来问是不是要打车,去泰米尔区500-600Rs,当中有一名中年男子叫我们不要坐外面的车,还说这些都不是好人,然后又说他的车队才是政府指定的车,在机场出口处有公司柜枱,到泰米尔区收费600Rs ,我说太贵了!砍价400Rs成交,但是我还沒兑換卢比尼,付人民币可以吗?他说行,40元人民币.这骗子当我是傻瓜,116便是640Rs 我们转身就走,另找车去泰米尔区才300Rs.因为不知道会在哪里住宿,便叫司机送我们到泰山酒店,下车后才看见是比较高级的酒店,不过还是进去问问房价吧!双人间大约是40美元(我都记不清楚)我说价钱不合适,转身便走,那个中国女人说,我这里也有青年旅舍,我就问双人间多少钱,她回答说是以一张床收费的,60元人民币/床,2个人就是2张床,合共120元人民币,我们听了之后即走.第一天到达便遇到2个当中国人是傻瓜的(骗子)后来找到了当地人开的 HANA HOTE双人间/750Rs环境不错 明天继续 8264论坛內,不少网友分享资料时提及飞机右边位置会看见雪山的.在昆明办理登机手续时,请工作人员安排右边窗口位置(因为我们排队位置较前,能安排较前的位置)天气不是很好,不过能看见雪山已算是幸运. 10月17日今早想步行到NTB办理进山证和TIMS,因为初到加都,不知道位置,只好坐出租车,司机开价500Rs,我们也不用砍价,转身找另一辆车,200Rs成交.(查看地图和熟悉了泰米尔区和附近的街道后,往后在加都的日子就只是步行或是乘坐公交车)车程只有几分钟,9点半到达NTB,我们来早了!办公时间是1000才开始.办理进山证需要1寸照片2张 收费2000Rs 办理TIMS需要1寸照片2张不请背夫的收费是2000Rs(现在已不收美金)办理好证件后便步行返回泰米尔区,不用30分钟就到了.下午到杜巴广场,菜市场丶民居混杂其中,根本不用买票,游走横街窄巷时,不经意就进入了广场.游览完毕返回酒店途中下起大雨,道路又烂得坑坑洼洼,积水难行,只好等雨停了另觅道路回酒店,在巷子里转来转去,迷路了!拿出地图问路,路在口边嘛今无晚餐想吃好一点,便到网友推荐的KC's Restaurant & Bamboos Bar 牛扒500Rs(我吃6成熟的,味道不错) 另加10%小费 住宿HANA HOTEL 10月17日原本的计划是今天到博卡拉,因为天气不好,就更改一下行程,在加都多留一天.巴德岗/和昌古纳拉杨神庙/Changu Naryun Temple原本是安排在徒步之后才去的,行程有变就改今天去参观吧!早上9点从酒店出发,步行到公交车站(就在前往NTB的大街上),车站內每一辆车都有写去哪里,不过都是尼泊尔文字,看不懂,还有当地人不知道巴德岗,所以坐车时要说去Bhaktapur/巴克塔普尔.票价25Rs到了巴德岗时售票员便叫我们下车,忽然间想起要先去昌古纳拉扬,便问售票员该在那里乘车?售票员听后便叫我们先不要下车,再过几分钟便会经过车站的,到了便会叫我们下车.这时正在下车的还有1位来自上海的美女,2位来自新加坡的小夫妻,立刻问我昌古纳拉扬是什么地方?值得去吗?往返时间多久?我说是值得去的地方,往返车程连参观大约2-3个小时就足夠,有时间的话不如一起走吧!就这样一行5人一起乘车到位于山上的昌古纳拉扬神庙,车程约半小时,票价35Rs昌古纳拉扬神庙 门票100Rs参观完毕,我们5个人都不急于乘车下山,因为来时看只沿途风景很美,大家经过商量,返正时间尚早,決定先走一段路,拍拍照,在中途再上车去巴德岗也不迟.加都往巴德普的车廂內巴德普开往昌古纳拉扬的公交车 昌古纳拉扬神庙是尼泊尔最古老的印度教塔庙,庙门由金银装饰,极尽辉惶.甜美的笑容充满爱的笑容车来了!上车去巴德岗.巴德岗杜巴广场 门票700Rs记得买票时出示你的中国护照,有优惠价,只收100Rs进入巴德岗后,首先给我的惑觉是干淨,原来在20世纪70年代,德国人在这里生资开展了一个"巴克塔普尔发展计划",修复了许多建筑,铺成了宽敞的马路,还修建了排污系统.整座城市因而受益,变得整洁有序.巴德岗巴德岗巴德岗发了芽的土豆,谁敢买来吃?聪明的羊羊进了巴德岗杜巴广场后,小夫妻因为要先找旅舍住宿,便跟我们道別.我们和美女继续游览广场,下午約5点乘公交车返回泰米尔,下车后忘记了留下qq联络便与美女道別,有点遗憾.很高兴认识了举止优雅的上海美女,有缘相遇和同游一整天,希望有缘再遇.美女明天乘飞机回国,我们明天继续行程去愽卡拉. 10月19日早上6点退房后便歩行到坎提路/KANTI PATH ,乘车到博卡拉/Pokhara 票价600Rs 这里停了十多辆大巴,有去博卡拉,也有去奇特旺和蓝毗尼.车程约7个小时,中途会停车吃午饭和上厕所.预计还有约2个小时车程便到博卡拉,忽然间车停下来,原来堵车了,一堵就是3个小时.通车后往前行驶约20分钟,便看见一辆车窗全部粉碎的公交车,两旁路边上,还有很多拿着步枪的军警,是有暴力事件发生了!到达博卡拉时天色已黑,下车后便打车到湖区,砍价后一车200Rs.住宿 Hotel Khukuri 双人间650Rs明天便要进山了,今晚一定要吃一大块牛排,补充能量 10月20日不用向导,不用背夫,负重徒步安纳普娜小环线+Poon Hill+ABC 正式开始.今天睡到自然醒,10点才退房,然后打车到汽车站200Rs ,转乘中巴到Nayapul 票价110Rs 车程约2小时.今天天气不好,刚过了位于Birethanti的进山检查站便开始下雨,雨势越来雨大,走到Hille还打雷,看见前方有一间餐厅,便想进去喝杯奶茶避避雨,脚还未进门就听到"NO"抬头一看,一个胖胖的老女人,看来是老板娘吧!(我背着背包又披了雨衣,看来她是误会我是背夫,背夫也是人啊!这个老板娘心肠也不会好到那里).既然她这么说,我们就站在屋簷下避雨,沒多久有一位来自大连的先生从餐厅里走出来,叫我们进去避雨,我们说老板娘say no,他说她应该是误会我们是背夫,后来他也站在门外跟我们聊起来,他跟朋友在等车来接他们回博卡拉,他还教我们用之字形上下山,这个方法真的很有效,对我们往后的12天负重徒很有帮助.十分感谢这位来自大连的先生.天快黒了,雨还一直下,大连先生提议我们在此住宿(只此一间),我说不,我不喜欢这沒有同情心的老板娘,不住她的店.我们和大连先生和他的朋友道別后便继续赶路,希望能在天黑前赶到Tikhedhunga天已全黑,我们还沒看见灯光,怎么办,忽然听到声音,一拐弯便看见2个当地妇女,马上问还要走多远才有住宿,她们说,不用一分钟,太好了!真的是拐弯便见到灯光,太激动了!不选店了!就住第一间店.住宿 双人普间300Rs 洗澡100Rs/人 在Nayapul下车后还要走一段路才到位于Birthanti的进山检查站([]
洛阳,一座有着5000多年文明史、4000年的建城史和1500多年的建都史的古城,是华夏文明的发源地和中华民族的发祥地之一。而洛阳又因牡丹闻名于世,被世人誉为“千年帝都,牡丹花城”。在牡丹花盛开的日子里,我独行洛阳,去造访这座千年都城并欣赏我国著名的国花。4月10日晚,乘坐K419次列车,经过6个半小时的车程,与次日清晨558,我到达了洛阳。按照事先做好的功课,车到洛阳站后,出站后直接去公交站台乘坐801公交,上车直达龙门石窟。 龙门石窟位于洛阳市南郊龙门峡谷东西两崖的峭壁间。因为这里东、西两山对峙,伊水从中流过,看上去宛若门厥,所以又被称为“伊厥”,唐代以后,多称其为“龙门”。 这里地处交通要冲,山清水秀,气候宜人,是文人墨客的观游胜地。又因为龙门石窟所在的岩体石质优良,宜于雕刻,所以古人选择此处开凿石窟。 龙门石窟是中国石刻艺术宝库之一,国家AAAAA级景区。2000年被联合国科教文组织列为世界文化遗产。 两山之间的伊水让洛阳这座古城尽显了灵秀之气。 龙门石窟位是中国石刻艺术宝库之一,世界文化遗产、是中国四大石窟之一。龙门石窟与甘肃敦煌莫高窟、山西大同云冈石窟并称为“中国三大石刻艺术宝库”。 石窟始凿于北魏孝文帝时(公元471~477年),历经400余年才建成,迄今已有1500年的历史,龙门石窟南北长约1公里,现存石窟1300多个,窟龛2345个,记和碑刻3600余品,佛塔50余座,佛像97000余尊。 最大的佛像高达17.14米,最小的仅有2厘米。其中以宾阳中洞、奉先寺和古阳洞最具有代表性。 宾阳中洞是北魏时期(公元386~512年)的代表性作品。这个洞窟前后用了24年才建成,是开凿时间最长的一个洞窟。洞内有11尊大佛像。主像释迦牟尼像,面部清秀,神情自然,堪称北魏中期石雕艺术的杰作。主像座前刻有两只姿态雄健的石狮。左右侍立二弟子,二菩萨,菩萨像含笑凝眸,温柔敦厚。洞中还雕刻着众菩萨,弟子听法的浮雕像,栩栩如生。窟顶飞天仙子的刻画也十分传神。 宾阳中洞是北魏时期代表性的洞窟。“宾阳”意为迎接出生的太阳。宾阳三洞开凿于北魏时期,是北魏的宣武帝为他父亲孝文帝做功德而建。它开工于公元500年,历时24年,用工达80万2366个,后因为发生宫廷政变以及主持人刘腾病故等原因,计划中的三所洞窟(宾阳中洞、南洞、北洞)仅完成了一所即宾阳中洞,南洞和北洞都是到初唐才完成了主要造像。宾阳中洞内为马蹄形平面,穹窿顶,中央雕刻重瓣大莲花构成的莲花宝盖,莲花周围是八个伎乐天和两个供养天人。它们衣带飘扬,迎风翱翔在莲花宝盖周围,姿态优美动人。洞内为三世佛材,即过去、现在、未来三世佛。主佛为释迦牟尼。他是佛教的创始人,原名叫乔达摩·悉达多,原是古印度净饭王的儿子。他和中国的孔子生活在同一时代,比孔子要年长12岁。他在29岁时出家修行,经过六年,悟道成佛,创立了佛教。由于北魏时期崇尚以瘦为美,所以主佛释迦牟尼面颊清瘦,脖颈细长,体态修长。衣纹密集,雕刻手法采用的是北魏的平直刀法。由于北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳后实行了一系列的汉化政策,所以洞中主佛的服饰一改云冈石窟佛像那种偏袒右肩式袈裟,而身着宽袍大袖袈裟。释迦牟尼所有侍立二弟子、二菩萨。二菩萨含睇若笑,文雅敦厚。左右壁还各有造像一铺,都是一佛、二菩萨,着褒衣博带袈裟,立于覆莲座上。洞中前壁南北两侧,自上而下有四层精美的浮雕。第一层是以《维摩诘经》故事为材的浮雕,叫做“维摩变”。第二层是两则佛本生故事。第三层为著名的帝后礼佛图。第四层为“十神王”浮雕像。特别是位于第三层的帝后礼佛图,它们反映了宫廷的佛事活动,刻划出了佛教徒虔诚、严肃、宁静的心境,造型准确,制作精美,代表了当时生活风俗画的高度发展水平,具有重要的艺术价值和历史价值。非常可惜的是,在上个世纪的三、四十年代被盗往国外了,现在分别陈列在美国纽约大都会博物馆和美国堪萨斯州纳尔逊艺术博物馆。 “剪刀手”卖萌佛祖在宾阳中洞石窟,有一尊历经千年风霜的佛像,手势神似“剪刀手”。剪刀手佛像是在向游人卖萌,在提醒大家保护文物,还是想说点什么?有网友评论:四百年前的艺术大师们好有远见,知道在四百年后剪刀手肯定会风靡全球。 《伊阙佛龛之碑》亦称"褚遂良碑"。篆额《伊阙佛龛之碑》。贞观十五年(公元641年)刻于河南省洛阳龙门石窟壁宾阳洞内。 这里因伊水东西两岸之香山和龙门山对峙如天然门阙,故古称“伊阙”,隋唐以后,习称龙门。《伊阙佛龛之碑》通高约5.00米、宽1.90米。由中书侍郎岑文本撰文,谏议大夫褚遂良书。字共三十二行,满行五十一字。计一千六百余字。碑文主要记述唐太宗第四子魏王李泰为其母文德皇后长孙氏死后做功德而开凿,太宗末年李泰与太子李承乾争夺太子位,李泰借为母亲开窟造像做功德,实有获得太宗好感,为自已捞取政治资本的目的。这通碑原应为北魏所雕的宾阳中洞的造窟碑,到了唐代李泰为节省费用,竟就势磨去原有碑文,又重新雕刻成唐碑的。 关于该碑的记载,始见于宋嘉祐六年(公元1061年)欧阳修之《集古录》及赵明诚之《金石录》。《伊阙佛龛之碑》是早期传世褚书的代表作。为目前国内所见褚遂良楷书之最大者,字体清秀端庄,宽博古质,是准的初唐楷书。此碑虽说是碑,实际上却是摩崖刻石。两者功用相同,都是为歌功颂的。但在创作时条件不同,一个是光平如镜,而另一个则是凹凸不平,书写的环境也不会那么优游自在。于是,摩崖书法的特征也就不言而喻。因无法近观与精雕细琢,于是便在气势上极力铺张,字形比碑志大得多,舒卷自如,开张跌宕。正是在这一点上,像汉代的《石门颂》、《郙阁颂》、《西峡颂》,它们气度之开张,韵致之飞扬,自然拙朴,即使是如《礼器碑》、《乙瑛碑》、《史晨碑》等真正的碑志精品也无法比拟,褚遂良的《伊阙佛龛碑》,正是这样一种典型的摩崖书风。传世墨拓以明代何良俊清森阁旧藏明初拓本为最佳,拓工精致、字口如新;比《金石萃编》所载犹多五十余字,曾经清代毕泷、沈志达、费念慈等递藏,现藏北京图书馆。有影印本行世。 魏窟――公元495年魏宗室丘慧成开始在龙门山开凿古阳洞,500--523年魏宣武帝、魏孝明帝连续开凿宾阳洞的北中南三个大石窟,石阳洞和宾阳洞的修建共费人工80万以上,还开凿了药方洞和东魏时开凿的莲花洞等石窟。北朝石窟都在龙门山,古阳洞自慧成至东魏末50多年的营造,表现出列多的中国艺术形式,大佛姿态也由云岗石窟的雄健可畏转变为龙门石窟的温和可亲。以宾阳中洞主佛为代表的佛像,人物面部含着微笑,龙门石窟比云岗石窟表现出更多的中国艺术佛像。龙门石窟还保留有大量的宗教、美术、书法、音乐、服饰、医药、建筑和中外交通等方面的实物史料。因此,它又是一座大型的石刻艺术博物馆。 只可惜龙门石窟遭受的破坏要比云冈石窟大得多,绝大多数佛像都不存在或者是残缺不全的了。 ([]
有人说:看书或者旅行,总有一个在路上。 书山有路,有景,有梦。有的是语言画出美丽的憧憬。 旅游劳累、辛苦,但有的是真切、是触摸。 路在脚下,随时恭候您的光临. 梦在心里,随时出发。 -----梅花烙2011年年底刚开始,一颗想走出去的心又开始按捺不住的蠢蠢欲动。喜欢在路上的感觉,徒步、登山、旅行、自驾,游泳、滑雪、骑车.摄影都是不同的体验,各自有乐趣。但我想说,走更远的路,看更美的风景,用双眼拍更美的风景;这是我内心最强烈真实的愿望,这是,不变的理想,也是我做一切事情的动力,就来源于出发点,只要不忘初衷,哪怕前路艰辛,也会甘之如饴。 万水千山里,总有我的足迹。我希望,并期待着。或许是因为你的神秘,或许是因为你的美丽,从我知道你开始,你就像一个魔咒,在吸引着我,召唤着我。对你的向往和思念几乎是与日俱增,终于,我再也抵挡不住你的魔力,踏上了此次西藏之行。你是高高在上的神山,你永远在那里,不悲不喜,不惊不兀;而我,应该以怎样的面貌出现在你面前? 今夏;我们一行4人,一车历经了千山万水,长途跋涉,在路途中所经历的的一切苦难,我们所有的坚持,都是为了看到前方我们所向往的风景。但是往往风景,并不是终点,而就在我们的路途中,就在我们坚持的过程中。这些天的高原日子,所谓的沉淀,无非就是坚持,再有的,依然-------拉开了我的西藏之行。 只要来西藏的人,知道的人都很想去玛吉阿米,我也来了、、、玛吉阿米,藏语中即“未嫁娘”之意。玛吉阿米这个名字,出自六世达赖喇叭仓央嘉措的情诗,相传是仓央嘉措情人的名字。而当年仓央嘉措与玛吉阿米幽会的地方,正是玛吉阿米所在的那个土黄色小楼。这段美好而浪漫的情歌和故事,将在每一位过客的心里,烙上久久的“美丽遗梦”。到了夜晚,布达拉宫仿佛梦境般呈现在我的面前,千辛万苦换来此刻的幸福,我彻底拜服了自己的决定。第二天,耐不住的我,让他们带我去穿梭在八廊街的小巷子里,那些带着历史气息和不同气质的民族,吸引着我。第二天,耐不住的我,让他们带我去穿梭在八廊街的小巷子里,那些带着历史气息和不同气质的民族,吸引着我。 沿着布达拉宫,大昭寺有很多朝圣之人,他们有的三跪九叩,有的拿着转经筒,穿着藏服,内心虔诚。真是三步一磕头呢!全民信教的地区,即使是我这种无信仰的人看到都深受震撼! 赶紧和当地的藏民合影一张照片!也许只有身在西藏,才被洗礼,才会如此放松、无所顾忌,感觉心灵是自由的,在这里,环境、宗教、人文的感染力、震撼力只有身在其中才能切身感受的到。晚上 ,我们终于住在平措的青年旅社,五湖四海的朋友都汇聚在这,每天都可以看到很多的人来住宿,打开房间,住的旅馆的墙壁上,满满的都是驴友留下的照片和留言~承载着青春的梦想。 你来不来,它就在哪里!不远不近!早上,下起了小雨,我起来的很早,在平措青年旅馆,邂逅了2位来自上海旅游的妹妹,带着我们去了拉萨的茶馆。拉萨有很多茶馆,简陋、拥挤、但是铁炉子里的牛粪烧的很旺,藏民们都聚在茶馆里喝茶聊天,享受着简单快乐和幸福。在满屋子新奇的眼光中,我狼吞虎咽地吃完了一碗藏面5元,我们4个人喝了一大水壶的甜茶,吃完喝完高兴的离开了,去我们的下一站。 第一站不期而至的惊喜 ------- 贡嘎曲德寺 因为遗忘,所以美丽。随着上海的2个妹妹,到了贡嘎曲德寺。一切仿佛在电影电视中看到这样的情景,而真实的寺庙在我面前。让我的如此的好奇,随同他们进寺庙。在西藏辽阔的土地上,应该有许多像贡嘎曲德寺一样的地方,默默无闻,鲜有外人光顾,网上也很难搜索有关它们详细的信息。正如偶然走进别人遗忘的贡嘎曲德寺一样,才欣然概叹:这才是梦中的西藏啊!悠远、宁静、苍茫、安详、任时间流转。与世无争,与世独立。 贡嘎曲德寺位於西藏贡嘎县境内,是拉萨近内着名的萨迦派寺院之一,距今已有数百年的历史。据传,贡嘎曲德寺始建於元代未年,大殿四墙绘有大型佛本生故事壁书,色彩艳丽,笔法精湛,壁书为明清时代所绘;其绘书风格与大殿内的壁书有很大差异。如装饰图案、卷草纹图案明显地受到了白居寺及古格书派的影响,大经堂正中佛殿的背后是一凹形的转经迥廊,迥廊两墙都绘满了大型佛经故事,绘书的年代约在清代以前,但由於迥廊内阴暗潮湿,大部分壁书开始剥落毁坏,急需加以修复和补救。 佛殿的前方为长方形的天窗,用以采光。其天窗的内壁上绘有萨迦五祖,格鲁派宗喀巴师徒,甚至带有明显汉地书风的大肚弥勒佛等绘书作品。其造型生动,色彩鲜艳,生动地表现出格鲁教派支该寺的壁书影响。而对于我这个大城市来的人说:只有在电视、电脑上看到这样的神秘的地方。可是这次是我旅行中不其然的遇见了、、、 也许,梦想在不经意间就可以开始。心动的记忆就这样的展开了。 酥油灯---吉祥的酥油灯,吉祥的光芒照着您的慈祥、吉祥的光芒照亮了您的虔诚 。这时,寺庙传来了叽里咕噜的声音,我好奇的走进寺庙,看着很多的和尚拿着佛经一遍又一遍的在朗读、、、那声音似曾亲切,却无法记住它的美妙之处;那声音似曾忘记,可始终摆脱不了那种余音绕梁的感觉。 马上就要离开了,结束了一天的贡嘎曲德寺参观,大师给我们送了很珍贵的礼物。献哈达,大师自传、许愿,这是我此行的最大收获! 走出了寺庙,看见一位老人摇动着转经筒,从村子尽头朝我走来,两人的目光相遇的一瞬,老人家给我一个慈祥的笑脸,那笑容亲切的如同对待自家的晚辈。我内心最柔软的弦被拔动了、、、、、只好轻轻的说声再见了 !默默的祝福老人家平安、健康、快乐! 第二站羊措雍湖 -----邂逅她叫毛毛,是湖北的一位美术老师,外表娇小的她,可爱。大方,给我留下了很好的印象。、、、、、我们一切不需过多安排和商量,拿上简单行李,背上随行背包,和有缘之人起航了 。相识就是缘分,路上认识了很多朋友,大家一起聊天,看风景。很开心,这就是旅行!羊雍措湖初次见此风景,挺激动啊! 先和藏獒合影留影。快的无暇顾及沿途的风景,奔向一个、下一个终点。 人生需要一个暂停键,我要记得多按几次。 佛说:“有求皆苦,无求乃乐”。 去迎接新奇,感受未知,接近梦想吧! 第三站 鲁朗的-------静怡与温柔初到高原,咱都很激动,都挤下车厢下到站台感受一下高原的呼吸,留下自己的足迹 !终于抵达米拉山口了,海拔5013米。山腰上挂满了经幡,铭记着人们的美好愿望。这种地方必须合影留念!旅游的乐趣,就在于每当自己觉得绝望的时候,前方总有一个未知的惊喜在等着你,上帝关上一道门的同时,一定会为你打开另外一门。一路上的风景,让我大开眼界,总想留下什么、、、、、、 在沿途时不时能看到不少骑行者,看到他们我会自然不自然的想到《转山》里的书豪。对于骑行赴藏,那只能是我的梦,一个不可能实现的梦。所以一路上每次看到他们,我都会对他们由衷、敬意的给与鼓励——加油!好样的! 我们的车一路前行着,到了美丽的中流砥柱位于川藏路上的尼洋河中游,山高沟深,河流湍急,为尼洋河第一大峡谷,江中一巨石兀然立于江中,背靠神佛山,相传这块巨石是工布地区的守护神——工尊德姆修炼时的座椅。两江汇流处,有一巨石突起在江心,高有百尺左右。能够起中流砥柱之作用,挽狂澜于将倒之时,唯有这块巨石可以当之无愧。明朝的参议蔡潮在这块巨石上建了一个亭子,取名为“跨鳌”亭,并在上面了“砥柱中流”四个字。继续前行,到了尼洋河 、看着河水、草地,心中澎湃;夕阳把整个尼洋河承托的更加美丽了。而我也不忘记给自己留个影,把自己最美丽的笑容,定格在这美丽的尼洋河了。只缘路遇的能懂的人; 走不同的路看不一样的风景,交不一样的朋友感受不一样的人生。到了美丽的-------卡定沟,张开双臂,拥抱大自然,呼吸天然氧吧,给人以清晰的感觉。卡定”藏语是“天上人间 的意思”。卡定沟山峰群群山连绵,颇有点雁荡之气势。仰天观望,群象多姿,让你想象万千。一路往上,游人络绎不绝。 树柳成荫,把美丽的卡定沟装扮的更加美丽,吸引了全国各地的朋友。 午后;迎着阳光走在拉萨的柏油路上,天空时而下着小雨,时而阳光普照大地;一道道晃眼的阳光,让我恍如梦中,我在车里望着远处、、、、南伽八瓦的壮观和雄伟在我面前,看着它的雄伟,内心也被旅行带来的幸福感慢慢填满。一路上的辛苦和高反,也就忘记了。当我怀揣着达到顶峰的信仰与坚强的心都可以踏上这段挑战自我的征途,面对漫漫山路享受雪山、阳光、河流的洗礼,用自己双眼将沿路美景一收眼底。 到了晚上,我们才找到了一家家庭的旅馆,我们住的家庭旅馆主人(姑且叫她卓玛)给我们喝的是主人家自己养的牦牛奶和青稞,旁边是酥油茶。藏香猪、青稞有点像爆米花呢,爆过的,没味道!都是他们自家吃的东西。吃完了我们各自休息了!清晨,在山坡上看下面的村子特别美,远处的天空、大山、溪流,近处的满山的野花、草地,中间稀稀俩俩的屋子,特有感觉 。在每一次出行的时候,面对雪山、草原、阳光、花朵、河流、碧海、蓝天,才能感受到内心真正的自由了,才能沉淀下来倾听和感受,才觉得自己是如此真实地“活着”…… 路边的野花,植被渐渐厚起来,植物的种类也多了~各种颜色的花儿争相开放。美丽的青稞田,即将成熟的美丽大片的田,秋收的喜悦和美感呈现在我的面前鲁朗, 藏语意为"龙王谷",也是"叫人不想家"的地方。 ‘真想永远的停留在这片田园风光。 蔚蓝的天空中,白云飘飘,时而象奔驰的骏马,时而又恰似高原上的牦牛;时而呼啸而去,时而又闲庭信步,象少女婀娜多姿,象小伙热情奔放。 第四站 纳木错 ---心中的圣地 到了海拔5190米的那根拉山口,我们激动得跳下车,到了山口向下一看,纳木错就在眼前。金灿灿的太阳照在雪山上,照在湛蓝湛蓝的那木错湖面上,美得让人喘不过气来。更让我意想不到的是,已经过5000米了,还是没什么反应。看来,珠峰大本营我也应该可以去,那里也就5200米。近了,近了,远远就看见一缎蓝色绸丝挂于天际,视线已经无法辨别它究竟属于哪个节点,理智告诉我,这肯定是地上的湖,可是看过去,纳木错就是在天上。难怪称它是“圣湖”,“天湖”,这样的形容一点不为过,它已经和天连在一起,成为天空的一部分,我的惊喜程度,文字已经无法准确描述,纳木错的美,也许,它就像圣母一样,温柔婉约,博爱,带给你无限的心灵震撼和灵魂的洗礼。 上午乌云密布,午后又是阳光灿烂。 阳光射进云海那一刻,感慨万千。你若盛开,蝴蝶自来,你若精彩,天自安排。雪后的天空变的非常的蓝,接近下午,太阳开始碰到冰川顶,强烈的目光照射下的冰川显得越发晶莹剔透,它冷静而孤单,仰俯着这个被群山包围的纳木错。而我独自享受这梦幻般的景色,陶醉在大自然中,周围的石山都挂满了经书,五颜六色飘于空中像彩旗一样。草地上有几匹马正悠闲的吃着草,沿着石路下来就来到了纳木错的湖边,这是中国最大的咸水湖,传说是王母娘娘沐浴的地方。 有时我的梦想就隐在现实这下那个遥远的梦我做了很久、、、、跋涉千里来到了纳木错它正是我梦中存在了许久的模样涤滤出生灵的原本面貌而我们只在这个地方呆了3天虽不能一直停留在这个地方可是纷繁的遐想也让归隐变成另一种可能 带上美好的心情让我在旅行中感受美丽的风景,那么,风景一定呈现出的是你想要却又无法用语言形容出来的美好!纳木错的湖面就像海一样辽阔,她的美让我无法抗拒。让我在这个圣湖的地方住了3天三夜,吃了3天的方便面。 一切都值得! 纳木错的湖水十分清澈,能清楚的看到里面的石子,在阳光灿烂的时候它是透明的蓝。 最美不过圣湖的蓝蓝的水,我站在圣湖边,整个人感觉融入在湖水里一样,湖水的海面上一浪又一浪、、、翻着我心中的梦想、下来的时候,我心理很平静,像是被洗过一样的干净,我们在路上,报着各种不同的目的在路上的人,都在寻找些什么,我一直和朋友们说,我是个在路上的人,我在用心感受这世上的每个角落,我要用我的眼睛去寻找我心中的那份感动,朋友们,在你们用双脚丈量这片美丽的世界的时候,请你也用心去感受一下它吧~~谢谢所有关心的朋友们的支持和关注!有你们的一份热情,我会写出更好的游记,给你们带来愉悦的好心情。让你们走出大自然,去享受大自然给予的美好。([]
Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享,俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦,俺先来个免责声明:1。杨同学不认识俺,也没有授权俺,如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止;2。俺没有商业目的,译版版权归杨同学,俺啥也不要,也不承担法律责任;3。没有杨同学授权,不敢擅自发在国外网站,发在原帖处,荣誉归8264;4。俺英语水平有限,欢迎指正,欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分,不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦,希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子,原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co, where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30), 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
作为2011年旅行开官之作,柬埔寨之旅画上了完满的句号。虽然Maple顶着38度的高烧抵达暹粒,又糊里糊涂的带错了衣服,不过看到了世界最美的日落,宏伟的古遗迹,这些小波澜仅是小波澜而已。以美图分享给大家,希望大家也能同我一起,体会到那事那物那景那心情~!想去柬埔寨,还是要追溯到2007年,和Candy夫妇去尼泊尔的路上,就定下将来要一起去柬埔寨,去看那世界七大奇迹的吴哥窟。Maple一直记得自己的承诺,所以,就有了这样一段完美的旅行。枫叶完成贴直达梯:新加坡之旅各种美图-(附如何办理新加坡过境随意行SSH指南)150楼更新多张大图(完)https//bbs.8264.com/forum-viewthread-tid-1282011-highlight.html泰国普吉岛自由行(风景&人妖&美食&买物大赏)独家攻略!更新结束!https//bbs.8264.com/forum-viewthread-tid-1285729-highlight.html各位兄台,走过路过不要错过。帮忙到下面的链接评论吧~第一次参加8264活动,支持一把~!https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1343011-49-1.html486楼是枫叶的~!请在本贴下方评分加点评,小女子拜谢啦~!柬埔寨是个梦幻国家,吴哥窟是万庙之王。去柬埔寨,可以和越南一起穿起整个行程,走两个国家。但是时间有限的情况下,未免会走马观花。而柬埔寨,Maple想看的就是吴哥窟。提前半年开始进行初步,提前2个月开始查询各大旅行社机票、行程报价,最终又让Maple找到了宝,在这里不能不再夸夸XC。行程安排:吴哥窟6日舒适半自助游(直飞)说是6日,其实第一天和最后一天不能算作内,在暹粒住3个晚上,最后一晚是在回北京的飞机上度过的。第一天1900北京-暹粒第二天800早餐:酒店内900景点:参观大吴哥景【圣剑寺(Preah Khan[size=-0])】[size=-0]、[size=-0]【龙蟠水池(Neak Pean[size=-0])】[size=-0]、[size=-0]【塔逊寺(Ta Som[size=-0])】[size=-0]、[size=-0]【东梅奔(East Mebon[size=-0])】1130午餐 [size=-0]团餐1245休息:回酒店1430景点:参观大吴哥景区【巴戎寺(Bayon)】、空中宫殿(Phimean Akas)、斗象台(Terrace of Elephants)、十二生肖塔(Prasats Suor Prat)1800【巴肯山(Phnom Bakeng)】看落日1930晚餐[size=-0]柬式自助餐+dinner show2100【柬式按摩】第三天800早餐:酒店内900参观吴哥景区:【女王宫(Banteay Srey)】、【塔布茏寺(Ta Prohm)】、【茶胶寺(Ta Keo)】1130午餐 [size=-0]团餐1245休息:回酒店1430参观吴哥景区【小吴哥(Angkor Wat)】,上天堂1930晚餐:鲜族料理第四天800早餐:酒店内900【巴戎寺(Bayon)】1200高棉厨房午餐1430【小吴哥(Angkor Wat)】[size=-0],上天堂,看日落1800龙之汤晚餐,逛超市,逛酒吧街第五天900早餐:酒店内1000Lucky mall1200高棉厨房午餐1400历史博物馆;老市场2200暹粒-北京 因为是春节前出行,团费稍贵,一人5767元。费用包括:机票+酒店 三天吴哥门票 保险68元证190元合计5767元这个行程的好处有以下几点:1、暹粒一地深度,让我有时间深入探察体味吴哥窟2、前两天的行程跟随10人的团队,将大部分重要古迹观赏完毕,门票是3天的通票,因此第三天,可以再去一遍自己印象深刻的古迹,我们选择的是巴戎寺看高棉微笑和小吴哥上天堂。3、直飞,节省时间4、最后一天自由行,可以深入老市场,了解当地文化,品尝高棉美食(Maple旅行必备的一项。。。)5、团队结合自由行,前期用最短的时间了解吴哥全貌,可谓是文化的速食(没办法,还是时间太短);后期,体会自己行走的乐趣。自助旅行是旅行的最佳方式,这时,你不再是一个旅行团中面目模糊、毫无个性的一位,你是一个独立的个体,你所有的交流和所有的友谊,都将是由自己-一个独立的人,去和另一个人发生直接联系。这期间的化学反应,是奇妙而神秘的,只能靠每个人自己去体会。吴哥门票分为三种,单日票:US,三日票:US;七日票:US。如果不是吴哥古遗迹的狂热爱好者,3日足以。出行准备一、准备事宜:1.酒店一般都提供比较完整的洗漱用品,可自带一双拖鞋。2.携带合适衣物,以舒适、轻便休闲的衣服为宜。还要穿轻便舒适的运动鞋。3.充电器:柬埔寨的电压和中国一样,220V。多数酒店的插头与国内相同,个别酒店的电源是两脚的,需要用两扁脚插头。可事先准备好转换插头,或在酒店前台借用。4.药物:请根据自己身体状况自备少量常用药品。为了避免肠胃不适,最好携带一些止泻的药品。此外,还可以准备一些防蚊虫、中暑、热伤风、消炎、防晒、防晕车的药物。二、注意事项:1.气候:柬埔寨地处低纬度地区,属热带气候,5月至10月是夏季,因受西南季风的影响,气温徘徊在33℃左右,加上雨量充沛,相对湿度高达90%。11月至4月是柬埔寨的冬季,吹较干凉的东北季风,平均气温为25℃~32℃,是最佳旅游季节。请自备雨伞。国庆期间气温在33摄氏度左右。 2.时差:柬埔寨金边时间与中国北京时间的时差为-1小时,柬埔寨比中国晚一小时。3.语言:高棉语(官方语言)、英语、法语。 4.货币种类以及换汇提示:1)柬埔寨货币单位为“瑞尔”(KHR),主币瑞尔,辅币仙,1瑞尔=100仙。流通币面值,纸币有100、200、500、1000、2000、5000、10000、50000瑞尔8种。铸币只用于收藏,不作流通。2)柬埔寨汇率:USD1=4500Riel,在市面购物消费都是按这个比率,整元的用美元找付,零头的按0.1USD=400Riel找付,但通常价都是美元的。汇率以银行当天公布汇率为准。3)兑换:柬埔寨外币兑换点很少,建议在机场或正规银行兑换,但由于柬埔寨从买一瓶水到叫车都通用美元,因此换瑞尔的意义不大。建议自己多带1元的美金。4)在兑换外汇时要付一定的手续费,尤其是在机场,因此建议最好在出发前兑换好货币。 5.购物:1)消费:信用卡在当地绝大多数消费场所都不能使用,只在金边和暹粒两大城市的一些五星级酒店及高级餐厅可使用。2)免税商店:旅客可从免税商店购买一瓶酒(一公升)、一条烟(二百支),以及其他私人物品(例如照相机、摄影机、个人佩戴之珠宝装饰品等)出境。6.交通:很方便,酒店和街道旁边都有TukTuk,招手即停,司机都会说基本英语。用地图和简单英语就可以沟通清楚要去的地方。一般从酒店去老市场,1美金1人,包车全天(不去太远的古迹),8美金。 7.小费:在柬埔寨,入住酒店,或者是在餐厅用餐,都无须额外支付小费。 8.离境税:回程在机场离境要交25美金离境税。 9.通讯:开通国际漫游,短信是可以正常接收。短信接收免费,发送每条2-3元。中国移动打电话每分钟大约25块钱,接电话每分钟7块钱。当地网吧网络电话打到中国,0.5美金一分钟,比较实惠。上网费用在1.5美元——3美元每小时不等。 10.中国驻柬埔寨使领馆信息:大使:张金凤(Zhang Jinfeng)地址:No.156, Blvd Mao Tsetung, Phnom Penh, Cambodia使馆传真:00855-23-364738值班手机 00855-12810928 or 00855-12901923 (D1:入关的麻烦-圣剑寺)出发的那天,北京特别冷,Maple还发烧了,在飞机上昏昏睡了一程,到了暹粒入住酒店。第二天吃过早饭,又生龙活虎。Candy夫妇不停的夸俺身体棒啊! 出发前作了一点攻略,听说柬埔寨有可能是世界上最腐败的国家之一,柬埔寨海关也有可能是最黑的海关之一。到机场,进入柬埔寨海关,海关人员就会索要小费,虽然只有1美元,但是如果不给,海关人员就会借故任何理由难为你,比如说你的入境卡没有写好,说你的护照不对等等。这还真是Maple首次听说得怪异事。到了机场,果然看到不少游客在护照内夹一美元,海关关员很熟练地把护照中的美元放到桌面上一小叠美元中了,拍地一声就盖章放行了。但是Maple偏偏不原意,不是1元钱的问,而是对这种风气太鄙视了。不过,柬埔寨政府目前也在整治这样的事情,我们回国时,就看到有官员在海关巡视,禁止海关人员拿钱。Maple入关和出关,都在没有给小费的前提下,顺利进出。(Tips:据说,一定要走男海关员的通道,女海关员会很坏。另外,入境时候一定要检查好出境卡海关有没有给你,出境卡遗失也经常是回国时找你要小费的理由)。我们同行的一家三口,就在入境时被海关人员索要小费,3人的护照仅还给了2本,当时没有发现。等我们回国时坐上大巴以后,这一家人才发现少了一本。多亏当地的领队给机场打电话,机场说拾到这本,后来他们交了16美金才把护照拿回来。黑暗呢。。!!酒店的棋盘吴哥遗迹(Temples of Angkor)吴哥遗迹氏柬埔寨的灵魂所在。虽然泰国一直在宣扬吴哥遗迹属于泰国,但我会一直坚持,吴哥遗迹只能属于柬埔寨自己。吴哥遗迹是柬埔寨人灵感和民族骄傲的源泉,正是它激励着柬埔寨人民在经历了各种劫难之后仍在顽强不息的经营自己生活。这一伟大奇迹的成就来源于神的灵感。古代高棉帝国的都城吴哥是创作激情和精神信仰的完美结合。柬埔寨的历代神王在塑造他们祖先形象的时候,都力求在大小、比例和对称方面做得更好。知道世界上最大的宗教建筑吴哥窟的建成,这种努力也达到了极致。到了今天,有数百家寺庙被保留了下来,联合国也在号召各个国家,为了这个人类文明的共同财产,募捐修缮。吴哥的公共建筑和宫殿都是用木材建造的,如今年代久远都已腐烂。只有神才能居住的砖石结构的建筑,才能保留至今。很多旅游攻略都会提到吴哥路线的大圈和小圈。但是务必要参考常规旅行团的路线,才能避开成群结队的韩国、台湾旅行团。另外,每4天会有一个佛日,佛日当天是不能登小吴哥最高层(天堂的)。所以提前要规划好路线。当然,没有时间压力,边走边看,也会遇到自己的“偶遇”。 第一天,集合完毕,第一步就是去办理吴哥窟三日门票。吴哥三日门票,吴哥门票有防伪,而且当时会给你拍照,印在上面。在每个遗迹门口还会有查票的,要是用假票,会被罚得很惨很惨!!僧侣现代的寺庙去往大吴哥的路,两边是红土地和茂密的丛林路边的商贩吴哥王城(Angkor Thom)固若金汤的吴哥王城,又被我们成为(大吴哥或者大城),占地10平方公里。是由吴哥最伟大的国王阇耶跋摩七世(1181-1219)修建。吴哥王城是以巴戎寺为中心,周围有8米高,12公里长的城墙,外层还绕着一条100米宽的护城河。它的建筑布局同样也遵循了须弥山被海洋包围这一惯例。王城有五扇大门,北、西、南三方各有一扇,东面有两扇。大门高20米,以象鼻作为装饰,顶端有四个巨大的观世音菩萨头像(四面佛)面对着主要的方向。每扇门前都排列着54个天神像(在引导的左侧,也叫修罗),和54个恶魔雕塑(在引导的右侧,也叫阿修罗),这一设计借鉴了乳海翻腾中的主。南门是目前维护最好的,因为南门也是四周大门最繁华的,所以佛像被偷盗的最少。 以象鼻为装饰的王者之门第一站:圣剑寺(Preah Khan)圣剑寺是吴哥王城最大的寺庙之一,这里有错综复杂的拱形长廊,精美的雕刻和长满青苔的巨石。它与塔布隆寺形成了完美的对应。它紧邻吴哥城东北方。相传该寺是阇耶跋摩七世为纪念他父亲而修建的。这座寺庙供奉了515位神,一年之中,18个主要节日的庆典活动都是在这里举行。圣剑寺占地面积很大。但是寺庙本身仅位于700*800的长方形围墙内。在寺庙的门口立着数尊手拿长蛇搅动乳海的修罗与阿修罗,在东西两边,有一列长的砂岩石莲花墙,而莲花上曾经有佛像,但在湿婆派主持时,被毁坏了不少。整个建筑呈十字型,中心是中央圣堂,周边是由拱顶长廊连着的东、南、西、北四扇大门,门外则是漫长的甬道。中央圣堂,的内墙因饰以青铜而闪现出迷人的光彩,内里供奉着Avalokiteshvara。那是依照国王的面容设计的神像,有高僧日夜陪伴左右,烟雾缭绕,木鱼送经,昼夜不息。圣剑寺,循着落叶无尽的甬道,一阵风吹过,真腊国王千年前的一瞬间,就这样被抓住,或是被错过。 左右两排修罗与阿秀罗,很多都被破坏或偷走。Maple不喜欢面目恐怖的阿修罗,所以还是和慈善的修罗合影吧。([]
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